Solution:
Let a=20 and b=25 be the initial numbers of blue and purple diamonds, respectively, and let c=44 be the number of times Isabella performs the operation. Suppose that at some point, the bag contains x blue diamonds and y purple diamonds, for x+y=z total diamonds. After one step, the bag will have z+1 diamonds. The expected change in the number of blue diamonds in this step is (−x/z)+1=y/z, and likewise this quantity for purple diamonds is x/z. Thus, the expected change in the difference between the number of blue and purple diamonds is (y−x)/z. Since this difference was initially x−y, the expected value of this difference is multiplied by (z−1)/z at each step (regardless of x−y). Since z starts at a+b and ends at a+b+c, the expected difference after c operations is
(a−b)⋅z=a+b∏a+b+c−1zz−1=(a+b+c−1)(a+b−1)(a−b),
and as the total number of diamonds is a+b+c, the expected number of blue diamonds at the end is
2a+b+c+2(a+b+c−1)(a+b−1)(a−b).
Plugging in a=20, b=25, and c=44 gives us the answer, 4173.