Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 8.1 Shortlist Prove it Balkan Mathematical Olympiad

Let ABCDABCD be a trapezium inscribed in a circle kk with diameter ABAB. A circle with center BB and radius BEBE, where EE is the intersection point of the diagonals ACAC and BDBD meets kk at points KK and LL. If the line, perpendicular to BDBD at EE, intersects CDCD at MM, prove that KMDLKM \perp DL.

Solution

Since ABCDAB \parallel CD, we have that ABCDABCD is isosceles trapezium. Let OO be the center of kk and EMEM meets ABAB at point QQ. Then, from the right angled triangle BEQBEQ, we have BE2=BOBQBE^2 = BO \cdot BQ. Since BE=BKBE = BK, we get BK2=BOBQBK^2 = BO \cdot BQ (1). Suppose that KLKL meets ABAB at PP. Then, from the right angled triangle BAKBAK, we have BK2=BPBABK^2 = BP \cdot BA (2).

Figure 1

From (1) and (2) we get BPBQ=BOBA=12\dfrac{BP}{BQ} = \dfrac{BO}{BA} = \dfrac{1}{2}, and therefore PP is the midpoint of BQBQ (3). However, DMAQDM \parallel AQ and MQADMQ \parallel AD (both are perpendicular to DCDC). Hence, AQMDAQMD is parallelogram and thus MQ=AD=BCMQ = AD = BC. We conclude that QBCMQBCM is isosceles trapezium. It follows from (3) that KLKL is the perpendicular bisector of BQBQ and CMCM, that is, MM is symmetric to CC with respect to KLKL. Finally, we get that MM is the orthocenter of the triangle DLKDLK by using the well-known result that the reflection of the orthocenter of a triangle to every side belongs to the circumcircle of the triangle and vice versa.

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