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IMO Hk TST

Geometry Difficulty 8.3 Shortlist Prove it Hong Kong

Let DD, EE and FF be the contact points of the incircle of △ABC\triangle ABC with sides BCBC, CACA and ABAB respectively. Let II and I′I' be the incentres of △ABC\triangle ABC and △DEF\triangle DEF, respectively. Let ℓA\ell_A be the line passing through DD and is parallel to AI′AI', ℓB\ell_B be the line passing through EE and is parallel to BI′BI', and ℓC\ell_C be the line passing through FF and is parallel to CI′CI'. Show that the lines ℓA\ell_A, ℓB\ell_B and ℓC\ell_C are concurrent.

Solution

Let ℓA\ell_A meet II′II' at PP. We claim that PP is the intersection point of ℓA\ell_A, ℓB\ell_B, ℓC\ell_C. It suffices to show that II′I′P\frac{II'}{I'P} is a constant.
Let DI′DI' meet the incircle of △ABC\triangle ABC again at MM, and meet the line passing through II and parallel to ℓA\ell_A at QQ. Let rr and r′r' be the inradii of △ABC\triangle ABC and △DEF\triangle DEF respectively. By similar triangles, we obtain
II′I′P=QI′I′D=1I′D×MI′×IAMA=MI′I′D×IAMA. \frac{II'}{I'P} = \frac{QI'}{I'D} = \frac{1}{I'D} \times \frac{MI' \times IA}{MA} = \frac{MI'}{I'D} \times \frac{IA}{MA}.
Since I′I' is the incentre of △DEF\triangle DEF, we have MI′=MFMI' = MF. Thus, we have
MI′I′D=MF×1I′D=d(M,EF)sin⁡∠EFM×sin⁡∠I′DFr′=d(M,EF)r′ \frac{MI'}{I'D} = MF \times \frac{1}{I'D} = \frac{d(M, EF)}{\sin \angle EFM} \times \frac{\sin \angle I'DF}{r'} = \frac{d(M, EF)}{r'}
since ∠EFM=12∠EDF=∠I′DF\angle EFM = \frac{1}{2} \angle EDF = \angle I'DF.

IAMA=d(I,AF)d(M,AF)=rd(M,EF) \frac{IA}{MA} = \frac{d(I, AF)}{d(M, AF)} = \frac{r}{d(M, EF)}
Combining these, we obtain
II′I′P=MI′I′D×IAMA=d(M,EF)r′×rd(M,EF)=rr′ \frac{II'}{I'P} = \frac{MI'}{I'D} \times \frac{IA}{MA} = \frac{d(M, EF)}{r'} \times \frac{r}{d(M, EF)} = \frac{r}{r'}
This is a constant, and so ℓA\ell_A, ℓB\ell_B, ℓC\ell_C are concurrent at PP.

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