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Geometry Difficulty 8.3 Shortlist Prove it Hong Kong

Let DD, EE and FF be the contact points of the incircle of ABC\triangle ABC with sides BCBC, CACA and ABAB respectively. Let II and II' be the incentres of ABC\triangle ABC and DEF\triangle DEF, respectively. Let A\ell_A be the line passing through DD and is parallel to AIAI', B\ell_B be the line passing through EE and is parallel to BIBI', and C\ell_C be the line passing through FF and is parallel to CICI'. Show that the lines A\ell_A, B\ell_B and C\ell_C are concurrent.

Solution

Let A\ell_A meet IIII' at PP. We claim that PP is the intersection point of A\ell_A, B\ell_B, C\ell_C. It suffices to show that IIIP\frac{II'}{I'P} is a constant.
Let DIDI' meet the incircle of ABC\triangle ABC again at MM, and meet the line passing through II and parallel to A\ell_A at QQ. Let rr and rr' be the inradii of ABC\triangle ABC and DEF\triangle DEF respectively. By similar triangles, we obtain
IIIP=QIID=1ID×MI×IAMA=MIID×IAMA. \frac{II'}{I'P} = \frac{QI'}{I'D} = \frac{1}{I'D} \times \frac{MI' \times IA}{MA} = \frac{MI'}{I'D} \times \frac{IA}{MA}.
Since II' is the incentre of DEF\triangle DEF, we have MI=MFMI' = MF. Thus, we have
MIID=MF×1ID=d(M,EF)sinEFM×sinIDFr=d(M,EF)r \frac{MI'}{I'D} = MF \times \frac{1}{I'D} = \frac{d(M, EF)}{\sin \angle EFM} \times \frac{\sin \angle I'DF}{r'} = \frac{d(M, EF)}{r'}
since EFM=12EDF=IDF\angle EFM = \frac{1}{2} \angle EDF = \angle I'DF.

IAMA=d(I,AF)d(M,AF)=rd(M,EF) \frac{IA}{MA} = \frac{d(I, AF)}{d(M, AF)} = \frac{r}{d(M, EF)}
Combining these, we obtain
IIIP=MIID×IAMA=d(M,EF)r×rd(M,EF)=rr \frac{II'}{I'P} = \frac{MI'}{I'D} \times \frac{IA}{MA} = \frac{d(M, EF)}{r'} \times \frac{r}{d(M, EF)} = \frac{r}{r'}
This is a constant, and so A\ell_A, B\ell_B, C\ell_C are concurrent at PP.

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