Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.7 AIME, harder Find the answer Italy

Problem:

Two circles with the same radius intersect at XX and YY. Let PP be a point on an arc XYXY of one circle that lies inside the other. Knowing that the segment XYXY has length 33 and that the angle XP^YX\widehat{P}Y measures 120120^\circ, what is the area of the intersection between the two circles?

Pick one

Solution

Solution:

The answer is (E). The intersection of the two circles is divided by XYXY into two congruent figures, bounded by the arcs XYXY, so to get the result it suffices to compute the area of one of these two figures and multiply by two. Let OO be the center of the circle on which PP lies; by the properties of central and inscribed angles, XO^Y=XP^Y=120X\widehat{O}Y = X\widehat{P}Y = 120^\circ. Hence the triangle XOYXOY is isosceles with base angles of 3030^\circ and therefore OX=OY=23XY2=3OX = OY = \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}} \cdot \frac{XY}{2} = \sqrt{3}. The area bounded by the segment XYXY and the arc on which PP lies can be computed by difference

Figure 1

as the area of the circular sector XOYXOY minus the area of the triangle XOYXOY.
Since the angle at OO is 120120^\circ, the area of the circular sector is 120360πOX2=π\frac{120^\circ}{360^\circ} \pi OX^2 = \pi; in the triangle XOYXOY the height with respect to XYXY is XO2\frac{XO}{2} and hence its area is 334\frac{3 \sqrt{3}}{4}. Thus the required area is 2(π334)2\left(\pi-\frac{3 \sqrt{3}}{4}\right).

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from it; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.