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Belarusian Mathematical Olympiad

Geometry Difficulty 6.8 National Olympiad Prove it Belarus

Fifteen red, blue and green points are marked on a plane. It is known that the sum of the distances between the red points and the blue points is 5151, the sum of the distances between the red points and the green points is 3939, the sum of the distances between the blue points and the green points is 11.
How many points of each color are marked? (Determine all possibilities.)

Solution

Let nn, kk, mm denote respectively the number of red, green, blue points. Then m+n+k=15m + n + k = 15. From (*) in the solution of Problem 2, Category C, we have
39m≤51k+n,(1) 39m \le 51k + n, \quad (1)
51k−n≤39m.(2) 51k - n \le 39m. \quad (2)
Substitute for kk in (1) to obtain (after simple manipulations)
18m+10n≤153⇒9m+5n≤76.(3) 18m + 10n \le 153 \Rightarrow 9m + 5n \le 76. \quad (3)
Substitute for kk in (2) to obtain 51⋅15≤90m+52n51 \cdot 15 \le 90m + 52n. Using n≤13n \le 13, we obtain 51⋅15≤90m+50n+2651 \cdot 15 \le 90m + 50n + 26, hence
74≤9m+5n.(4) 74 \le 9m + 5n. \quad (4)
If n≤7n \le 7, then we have 51⋅15≤90m+50n+1451 \cdot 15 \le 90m + 50n + 14 or 76≤9m+5n76 \le 9m + 5n. From (3), it follows that 9m+5n=769m + 5n = 76. However, it is easy to verify that the last equality cannot be valid for n≤7n \le 7.
Verifying the values n=8,9,…,13n = 8, 9, \dots, 13, we see that inequalities (3) and (4) can be valid only if n=8n = 8 or n=13n = 13. Then we have respectively m=4m = 4, k=3k = 3 and m=k=1m = k = 1. Examples for these values can be constructed similarly to the example of Problem 2, Category B.

Therefore, the answer is (n,k,m)=(8,3,4)(n, k, m) = (8, 3, 4) or (13,1,1)(13, 1, 1).

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