Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2008

Algebra Difficulty 5.1 AIME, harder Prove it Ukraine

Prove that
a+b2b+c+b+c2c+a+c+a2a+b2 \frac{a+b}{2b+c} + \frac{b+c}{2c+a} + \frac{c+a}{2a+b} \geq 2
is true for any positive real numbers a,b,ca, b, c.

Solution

Applying the Cauchy-Bunyakowsky inequality to sets a1b1,,anbn\frac{a_1}{\sqrt{b_1}}, \dots, \frac{a_n}{\sqrt{b_n}} and b1,,bn\sqrt{b_1}, \dots, \sqrt{b_n} in which numbers a1,,an,b1,,bna_1, \dots, a_n, b_1, \dots, b_n are positive we find that a12b1++an2bn(a1++an)2b1++bn\frac{a_1^2}{b_1} + \dots + \frac{a_n^2}{b_n} \ge \frac{(a_1+\dots+a_n)^2}{b_1+\dots+b_n}. Next we rearrange the inequality as follows:
a+b2b+c+b+c2c+a+c+a2a+b=(a+b)2(a+b)(2b+c)+(b+c)2(b+c)(2c+a)+(c+a)2(c+a)(2a+b) \frac{a+b}{2b+c} + \frac{b+c}{2c+a} + \frac{c+a}{2a+b} = \frac{(a+b)^2}{(a+b)(2b+c)} + \frac{(b+c)^2}{(b+c)(2c+a)} + \frac{(c+a)^2}{(c+a)(2a+b)}
\ge (we use the mentioned above inequality here)
((a+b)+(b+c)+(c+a))2(a+b)(2b+c)+(b+c)(2c+a)+(c+a)(2a+b)2. \ge \frac{((a+b)+(b+c)+(c+a))^2}{(a+b)(2b+c)+(b+c)(2c+a)+(c+a)(2a+b)} \ge 2.
In order to verify the last rearrangement, simply expand the brackets and summarize similar summands.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.