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Geometry Difficulty 5.6 AIME, harder Find the answer

7. (Hungary 3) Let kk be the incenter of ABC\triangle A B C, G1,B1G_{1}, B_{1} be the midpoints of sides AB,ACA B, A C respectively, and let ACA C intersect C1KC_{1} K at point B2B_{2}, and line ABA B intersect B1KB_{1} K at point C2C_{2}. If the area of AB2C2\triangle A B_{2} C_{2} is equal to the area of ABC\triangle A B C, find CAB\angle C A B.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

Solution 1: Let a=BC,b=CA,c=ABa=BC, b=CA, c=AB, b=AC2,c=AB2,s=12(a+b+c)b^{*}=AC_{2}, \quad c^{*}=AB_{2}, \quad s=\frac{1}{2}(a+b+c).
Let rr be the inradius of ABC\triangle ABC. Since
SC1B2=12AC1AB2sinA,SBC=12ACABsinA, \begin{array}{l} S_{\triangle C_{1} B_{2}}=\frac{1}{2} AC_{1} \cdot AB_{2} \sin \angle A, \\ S_{\triangle B C}=\frac{1}{2} AC \cdot AB \sin \angle A, \end{array}

thus, by C1C_{1} being the midpoint of ABAB and taking SABC=r3S_{\triangle ABC}=r_{3}, we can deduce that
SAC1B2=AC1AB÷AB2ACSBO=crs2b. S_{\triangle A C_{1} B_{2}}=\frac{AC_{1}}{AB} \div \frac{AB_{2}}{AC} S_{\triangle B O}=\frac{c^{*} r s}{2 b} .

But

noting that
SC1B2SI2=SATO1, S_{\triangle C_{1} B_{2}}-S_{\triangle I_{2}}=S_{\triangle A T O_{1}},

thus,
crs2bcr2=cr4. \begin{array}{l} \frac{c^{*} r s}{2 b}-\frac{c^{*} r}{2} \\ =\frac{c r}{4} . \end{array}

Therefore, 2c(sb)2 c^{*}(s-b)
=bc, =bc,

which means (ab+c)c=bc(a-b+c) c^{*}=bc.
Similarly, we can get (a+bc)b=bc(a+b-c) b^{*}=bc.
Furthermore, from the given condition SARC2=SAOS_{\triangle A R C_{2}}=S_{\triangle A O}, we have bc=bcb^{*} c^{*}=bc. Therefore,
(ab+c)(a+bc)bc=b2c2 (a-b+c)(a+b-c) b^{*} c^{*}=b^{2} c^{2}

which simplifies to
a2(bc)2=bc. a^{2}-(b-c)^{2}=bc .

Thus, a2=b2+c2bca^{2}=b^{2}+c^{2}-bc. From the cosine rule, we know cosCAB=12\cos \angle CAB=\frac{1}{2}, hence CAB=60\angle CAB=60^{\circ}.

Solution 2: Let EE be the point where the incircle of ABC\triangle ABC touches ABAB, EE^{*} be the point symmetric to EE with respect to KK, and FF be the point symmetric to EE with respect to C1C_{1} (Figure 4).
By the well-known

conclusion about CC,
EE^{*}, and FF being
collinear,
and noting
that KC1KC_{1} is
the midline of
EFE\triangle EFE^{*}, we know CFB2C1CF \| B_{2}C_{1}. Therefore,
AB2AC1=ACAF. \frac{AB_{2}}{AC_{1}}=\frac{AC}{AF} .

Similarly, if we assume GG is the point on side ACAC symmetric to the tangency point with respect to BB, then
AC2AB1=ABAG. \frac{AC_{2}}{AB_{1}}=\frac{AB}{AG} .

Thus,
AB2AC2ABAC=AB1AC1AGAF. \frac{AB_{2} \cdot AC_{2}}{AB \cdot AC}=\frac{AB_{1} \cdot AC_{1}}{AG \cdot AF} .

But the left side of the above equation equals: the ratio of the areas of AB2C2\triangle AB_{2}C_{2} to ABC\triangle ABC, which, by the given condition, is 1. Therefore,
AB1AC1=AGAF. AB_{1} \cdot AC_{1}=AG \cdot AF .

Using the notations a,b,ca, b, c as in Solution 1, and noting that AB1=b2,AC1=c2AB_{1}=\frac{b}{2}, AC_{1}=\frac{c}{2}, and
AF=a+cb2,AG=a+bc2. AF=\frac{a+c-b}{2}, AG=\frac{a+b-c}{2} .

Substituting these into the previous equation, we get
a2=b2+c2bc. a^{2}=b^{2}+c^{2}-bc .

Thus, CAB=60\angle CAB=60^{\circ}.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.