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Algebra Difficulty 5.2 AIME, harder Find the answer

1. (YUG) Find all real numbers x[0,2π]x \in[0,2 \pi] such that 2cosx1+sin2x1sin2x2 2 \cos x \leq|\sqrt{1+\sin 2 x}-\sqrt{1-\sin 2 x}| \leq \sqrt{2}

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

1. Let us set S=1+sin2x1sin2x S = |\sqrt{1 + \sin 2x} - \sqrt{1 - \sin 2x}| . Observe that S2=221sin22x=22cos2x2 S^2 = 2 - 2 \sqrt{1 - \sin^2 2x} = 2 - 2|\cos 2x| \leq 2 , implying S2 S \leq \sqrt{2} . Thus the righthand inequality holds for all x x . It remains to investigate the left-hand inequality. If π/2x3π/2 \pi / 2 \leq x \leq 3 \pi / 2 , then cosx0 \cos x \leq 0 and the inequality trivially holds. Assume now that cosx>0 \cos x > 0 . Then the inequality is equivalent to 2+2cos2x=4cos2xS2=22cos2x 2 + 2 \cos 2x = 4 \cos^2 x \leq S^2 = 2 - 2|\cos 2x| , which is equivalent to cos2x0 \cos 2x \leq 0 , i.e., to x[π/4,π/2][3π/2,7π/4] x \in [\pi / 4, \pi / 2] \cup [3 \pi / 2, 7 \pi / 4] . Hence the solution set is π/4x7π/4 \pi / 4 \leq x \leq 7 \pi / 4 .

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.