Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 7.4 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

In the acute triangle ABCABC the circle through BB touching the line ACAC at AA has centre PP, the circle through AA touching the line BCBC at BB has centre QQ. Let RR and OO be the circumradius and circumcentre of triangle ABCABC, respectively. Show that R2=OPOQR^2 = OP \cdot OQ.

Solution

1. Identify the given elements and their properties:
- ABC \triangle ABC is an acute triangle.
- Circle through B B touching AC AC at A A has center P P .
- Circle through A A touching BC BC at B B has center Q Q .
- R R is the circumradius and O O is the circumcenter of ABC \triangle ABC .

2. **Establish the collinearity of P,Q, P, Q, and O O :**
- Since P P and Q Q are centers of circles touching AC AC and BC BC respectively, and both circles pass through A A and B B , P P and Q Q lie on the perpendicular bisector of AB AB .
- The circumcenter O O of ABC \triangle ABC also lies on the perpendicular bisector of AB AB .
- Therefore, P,Q, P, Q, and O O are collinear.

3. **Calculate the areas involving P P and Q Q :**
- The area of AOB \triangle AOB is given by:
SAOB=12ABOQsin(AOB) S_{AOB} = \frac{1}{2} AB \cdot OQ \cdot \sin(\angle AOB)
- Similarly, the area of AOP \triangle AOP is:
SAOP=12ABOPsin(AOP) S_{AOP} = \frac{1}{2} AB \cdot OP \cdot \sin(\angle AOP)

4. **Relate the areas to the product OPOQ OP \cdot OQ :**
- Using the areas calculated, we have:
OPOQ=SAOBQSAOBPR2sin2C OP \cdot OQ = \frac{S_{AOBQ} \cdot S_{AOBP}}{R^2 \cdot \sin^2 C}

5. Analyze the angles and radii:
- The angle PBA=PAB=90A \angle PBA = \angle PAB = 90^\circ - \angle A , thus APB=2A \angle APB = 2 \angle A .
- Let R1 R_1 be the circumradius of the circle with center P P in APB \triangle APB :
4R2sin2C=2R122R12cos2AR1=RsinCsinA 4R^2 \sin^2 C = 2R_1^2 - 2R_1^2 \cos 2A \Rightarrow R_1 = \frac{R \sin C}{\sin A}

6. **Calculate the areas involving P P and Q Q in terms of R R :**
- The area SAPBO S_{APBO} is:
SAPBO=SAPB+SAOB=R2sin2C2+R2sin2Csin2Asin2A=R2sinCsinBsinA S_{APBO} = S_{APB} + S_{AOB} = \frac{R^2 \sin 2C}{2} + \frac{R^2 \sin^2 C \sin 2A}{\sin^2 A} = \frac{R^2 \sin C \cdot \sin B}{\sin A}
- Similarly, the area SAQBO S_{AQBO} is:
SAQBO=R2sinCsinAsinB S_{AQBO} = \frac{R^2 \sin C \cdot \sin A}{\sin B}

7. **Combine the areas to find the product OPOQ OP \cdot OQ :**
- The product of the areas is:
SAPBOSAQBO=R4sin2C S_{APBO} \cdot S_{AQBO} = R^4 \sin^2 C
- Therefore:
OPOQ=R2 OP \cdot OQ = R^2

\blacksquare

The final answer is R2=OPOQ \boxed{ R^2 = OP \cdot OQ }

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.