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Algebra Difficulty 7.3 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

Example 8 When x,y,z>0x, y, z>0, prove:
cycx2+yz32(x+y+z)\sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} \sqrt{x^{2}+y z} \leqslant \frac{3}{2}(x+y+z)

Solution

Proof: Here we provide a proof using the maximum root. The left side of equation (13) can be seen as the maximum root of the following 8th-degree equation in TT.
F(T)=cyc(T±x2+yz±y2+zx±z2+xy)=T84(cccx2+cycyz)T6+2(3cycx4+2cycx3(y+z)+5cccy2z2+8cycx2yz)T44(cycx6cccx5(y+z)2cccx4(y2+z2)+13cccx4yz+11cycy3z35cccx3(y2z+yz2)+29x2y2z2)T2+(cycx42cycx3(y+z)cycy2z2)2=t44(cccx2+cycyz)t3+2(3cycx4+2ccx3(y+z)+5cycy2z2+8cycx2yz)t24(cycx6cycx5(y+z)2cccx4(y2+z2)+13cycx4yz+11cycy3z35cycx3(y2z+yz2)+29x2y2z2)t+(cycx42cycx3(y+z)cycy2z2)2f(t),\begin{aligned} F(T)= & \prod_{\mathrm{cyc}}\left(T \pm \sqrt{x^{2}+y z} \pm \sqrt{y^{2}+z x} \pm \sqrt{z^{2}+x y}\right) \\ = & T^{8}-4\left(\sum_{\mathrm{ccc}} x^{2}+\sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} y z\right) T^{6}+2\left(3 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{4}+2 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{3}(y+z)\right. \\ & \left.+5 \sum_{\mathrm{ccc}} y^{2} z^{2}+8 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{2} y z\right) T^{4}-4\left(\sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{6}-\sum_{\mathrm{ccc}} x^{5}(y+z)\right. \\ & -2 \sum_{\mathrm{ccc}} x^{4}\left(y^{2}+z^{2}\right)+13 \sum_{\mathrm{ccc}} x^{4} y z+11 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} y^{3} z^{3} \\ & \left.-5 \sum_{\mathrm{ccc}} x^{3}\left(y^{2} z+y z^{2}\right)+29 x^{2} y^{2} z^{2}\right) T^{2} \\ & +\left(\sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{4}-2 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{3}(y+z)-\sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} y^{2} z^{2}\right)^{2} \\ = & t^{4}-4\left(\sum_{\mathrm{ccc}} x^{2}+\sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} y z\right) t^{3}+2\left(3 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{4}+2 \sum_{\mathrm{cc}} x^{3}(y+z)\right. \\ & \left.+5 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} y^{2} z^{2}+8 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{2} y z\right) t^{2}-4\left(\sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{6}-\sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{5}(y+z)\right. \\ & -2 \sum_{\mathrm{ccc}} x^{4}\left(y^{2}+z^{2}\right)+13 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{4} y z+11 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} y^{3} z^{3} \\ & \left.-5 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{3}\left(y^{2} z+y z^{2}\right)+29 x^{2} y^{2} z^{2}\right) t \\ & +\left(\sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{4}-2 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{3}(y+z)-\sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} y^{2} z^{2}\right)^{2} \\ \equiv & f(t), \end{aligned}

where t=T2t=T^{2}. Below we prove that when t2(x+y+z)2t \geqslant 2(x+y+z)^{2}, f(t)f(t) is monotonically increasing. Because
f(t)4=t33(cycx2+cycyz)t2+(3cycx4+2cycx3(y+z)+5cycy2z3+8cycx2yz)tcycx6+cycx5(y+z)+2cccx4(y2+z2)13cctx4yz11cvcy3z3+5cycx3(y2z+yz2)29x2y2z2=(ι2(x+y+z)2)3+3(cycx2+3cycyz)(t2(x+y+z)2)2(3cycx4+14cycx3(y+z)+29cycy2z2+68cycx2yz)(t2(x+y+z)2)+cycx6+5cycx5(y+z)+14cycx4(y2+z2)+19cycx4yz+9cycy3z3+109cycx3(y2z+yz2)+169x2y2z2>0\begin{aligned} \frac{f^{\prime}(t)}{4}= & t^{3}-3\left(\sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{2}+\sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} y z\right) t^{2}+\left(3 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{4}+2 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{3}(y+z)\right. \\ & \left.+5 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} y^{2} z^{3}+8 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{2} y z\right) t-\sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{6}+\sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{5}(y+z) \\ & +2 \sum_{\mathrm{ccc}} x^{4}\left(y^{2}+z^{2}\right)-13 \sum_{\mathrm{cct}} x^{4} y z-11 \sum_{\mathrm{cvc}} y^{3} z^{3} \\ & +5 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{3}\left(y^{2} z+y z^{2}\right)-29 x^{2} y^{2} z^{2} \\ = & \left(\iota-2(x+y+z)^{2}\right)^{3}+3\left(\sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{2}+3 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} y z\right)(t-2(x+y \\ & \left.+z)^{2}\right)^{2}\left(3 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{4}+14 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{3}(y+z)+29 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} y^{2} z^{2}\right. \\ & \left.+68 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{2} y z\right)\left(t-2(x+y+z)^{2}\right)+\sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{6}+5 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{5}(y \\ & +z)+14 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{4}\left(y^{2}+z^{2}\right)+19 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{4} y z+9 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} y^{3} z^{3} \\ & +109 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{3}\left(y^{2} z+y z^{2}\right)+169 x^{2} y^{2} z^{2}>0 \end{aligned}

Therefore, when t2(x+y+z)2t \geqslant 2(x+y+z)^{2}, f(t)f(t) is monotonically increasing. Also, since
94(x+y+z)2>2(x+y+z)2,256f(94(x+y+z)2)=625cyc x8+3800cyc x7(y+z)+14876cyc x6(y2+z2)1912cyc x6yz5400cyc x5(y3+z3)+48472cycx5(y2z+yz2)27802cyc y4z4+146248cyc x4(y3z+yz3)+289188cyc x4y2z2+490960cyc x2y3z3=(25cyc x4+76cyc x3(y+z)202cyc y2z2270cyc x2yz)2+19200cyc x6(y2+z2)+21504cyc x5(y3+z3)81408cyc y4z4+xyz(36cyc x5+133716cyc x4(y+z)+62856cyc x3(y2+z2))+x2y2z2(226860cyc x2+285936cyc yz)\begin{array}{l} \frac{9}{4}(x+y+z)^{2}>2(x+y+z)^{2}, \\ 256 f\left(\frac{9}{4}(x+y+z)^{2}\right) \\ =625 \sum_{\text {cyc }} x^{8}+3800 \sum_{\text {cyc }} x^{7}(y+z)+14876 \sum_{\text {cyc }} x^{6}\left(y^{2}+z^{2}\right) \\ -1912 \sum_{\text {cyc }} x^{6} y z-5400 \sum_{\text {cyc }} x^{5}\left(y^{3}+z^{3}\right)+48472 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{5}\left(y^{2} z\right. \\ \left.+y z^{2}\right)-27802 \sum_{\text {cyc }} y^{4} z^{4}+146248 \sum_{\text {cyc }} x^{4}\left(y^{3} z+y z^{3}\right) \\ +289188 \sum_{\text {cyc }} x^{4} y^{2} z^{2}+490960 \sum_{\text {cyc }} x^{2} y^{3} z^{3} \\ =\left(25 \sum_{\text {cyc }} x^{4}+76 \sum_{\text {cyc }} x^{3}(y+z)-202 \sum_{\text {cyc }} y^{2} z^{2}-270 \sum_{\text {cyc }} x^{2} y z\right)^{2} \\ +19200 \sum_{\text {cyc }} x^{6}\left(y^{2}+z^{2}\right)+21504 \sum_{\text {cyc }} x^{5}\left(y^{3}+z^{3}\right) \\ -81408 \sum_{\text {cyc }} y^{4} z^{4}+x y z\left(36 \sum_{\text {cyc }} x^{5}+133716 \sum_{\text {cyc }} x^{4}(y+z)\right. \\ \left.+62856 \sum_{\text {cyc }} x^{3}\left(y^{2}+z^{2}\right)\right)+x^{2} y^{2} z^{2}\left(226860 \sum_{\text {cyc }} x^{2}\right. \\ \left.+285936 \sum_{\text {cyc }} y z\right) \end{array}
0\geqslant 0

Therefore, equation (13) holds.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.