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Algebra Difficulty 7.3 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

Example 4 Let ai<1(i=1,2,,n)\left|a_{i}\right|<1(i=1,2, \cdots, n), and denote A1(n)=a1A_{1}(n)=a_{1} +a2++an,A2(n)=a1a2+a1a3++an1an,+a_{2}+\cdots+a_{n}, A_{2}(n)=a_{1} a_{2}+a_{1} a_{3}+\cdots+a_{n-1} a_{n}, \cdots, An(n)=a1a2anA_{n}(n)=a_{1} a_{2} \cdots a_{n}, prove that:
A1(n)+A3(n)+A5(n)+1+A2(n)+A4(n)+<1.\left|\frac{A_{1}(n)+A_{3}(n)+A_{5}(n)+\cdots}{1+A_{2}(n)+A_{4}(n)+\cdots}\right|<1 .

Solution

Prove: Let H=A1(n)+A3(n)+A5(n)+1+A2(n)+A4(n)+H=\frac{A_{1}(n)+A_{3}(n)+A_{5}(n)+\cdots}{1+A_{2}(n)+A_{4}(n)+\cdots}, it is easy to prove the identity H=H=
(1+a1)(1+a2)(1+an)(1a1)(1a2)(1an)(1+a1)(1+a2)(1+an)+(1a1)(1a2)(1an)\frac{\left(1+a_{1}\right)\left(1+a_{2}\right) \cdots\left(1+a_{n}\right)-\left(1-a_{1}\right)\left(1-a_{2}\right) \cdots\left(1-a_{n}\right)}{\left(1+a_{1}\right)\left(1+a_{2}\right) \cdots\left(1+a_{n}\right)+\left(1-a_{1}\right)\left(1-a_{2}\right) \cdots\left(1-a_{n}\right)}

Notice that ai<1,i=1n(1ai)\left|a_{i}\right|<1, \prod_{i=1}^{n}\left(1-a_{i}\right) >0>0, thus we have
H=i=1n(1+ai)i=1n(1ai)i=1n(1+ai)+i=1n(1ai)i=1n(1+ai)i=1n(1ai)2i=1n(1+ai)i=1n(1+ai)+i=1n(1ai)=1\begin{array}{l} H=\frac{\prod_{i=1}^{n}\left(1+a_{i}\right)-\prod_{i=1}^{n}\left(1-a_{i}\right)}{\prod_{i=1}^{n}\left(1+a_{i}\right)+\prod_{i=1}^{n}\left(1-a_{i}\right)} \\ \frac{\prod_{i=1}^{n}\left(1+a_{i}\right)-\prod_{i=1}^{n}\left(1-a_{i}\right)-2 \prod_{i=1}^{n}\left(1+a_{i}\right)}{\prod_{i=1}^{n}\left(1+a_{i}\right)+\prod_{i=1}^{n}\left(1-a_{i}\right)}=-1 \end{array}

Therefore, H<1|H|<1.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.