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Geometry Difficulty 6.5 National olympiad Prove it

Given is a square ABCDA B C D with circumcircle Γ1\Gamma_{1}. Let PP be a point on arc ACA C where BB also lies. A circle Γ2\Gamma_{2} is internally tangent to Γ1\Gamma_{1} at PP and also tangent to diagonal ACA C at QQ. Let RR be a point on Γ2\Gamma_{2} such that the line DRD R is tangent to Γ2\Gamma_{2}. Prove that DR=DA|D R|=|D A|.

Solution

Let MM be the intersection of ACAC and BDBD (i.e., the center of Γ1\Gamma_{1}) and let NN be the center of Γ2\Gamma_{2}. We will first prove that P,QP, Q, and DD lie on a line. If P=BP=B, then Q=MQ=M and it is trivial. Otherwise, define SS as the intersection of PQPQ and BDBD. We want to prove that S=DS=D. Note that M,NM, N, and PP lie on a line and that QNQN is parallel to DBDB. Therefore, by FF-angles, PSB=PQN=NPQ\angle PSB = \angle PQN = \angle NPQ, the last equality due to NP=NQ|NP| = |NQ|. With ZZ-angles, we see that PMB=MNQ\angle PMB = \angle MNQ and by the exterior angle theorem in triangle PQNPQN, this is equal to PQN+NPQ=2PSB\angle PQN + \angle NPQ = 2 \angle PSB. Thus, PMB=2PSB\angle PMB = 2 \angle PSB, from which it follows by the central angle and inscribed angle theorem that SS lies on Γ1\Gamma_{1}. Therefore, S=DS=D, which implies that P,QP, Q, and DD lie on a line.
Since DPB=DMQ=90\angle DPB = \angle DMQ = 90^{\circ} and PDB=QDM\angle PDB = \angle QDM, we have DPBDMQ\triangle DPB \sim \triangle DMQ. This gives DPDB=DMDQ\frac{|DP|}{|DB|} = \frac{|DM|}{|DQ|}. Since DB=2DM|DB| = 2|DM|, we have DPDQ=2DM2|DP||DQ| = 2|DM|^2. From the power of a point theorem on Γ2\Gamma_{2}, it follows that DPDQ=DR2|DP||DQ| = |DR|^2, so DR=2DM=DA|DR| = \sqrt{2}|DM| = |DA|.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.