Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 6.3 National olympiad Prove it

A quadrilateral ABCDA B C D is inscribed in a circle kk, where AB>CDA B>C D and ABA B is not parallel to CDC D. Point MM is the intersection of the diagonals ACA C and BDB D and point HH is the foot of the perpendicular from MM to ABA B. Given that MHC=MHD\angle M H C=\angle M H D, prove that ABA B is a diameter of kk.

Solution

Let the line through MM parallel to ABA B meet the segments AD,DH,BC,CHA D, D H, B C, C H at points K,P,L,QK, P, L, Q, respectively. Triangle HPQH P Q is isosceles, so MP=MQM P = M Q. Now from

MPBH=DMDB=KMABandMQAH=CMCA=MLAB \frac{M P}{B H} = \frac{D M}{D B} = \frac{K M}{A B} \quad \text{and} \quad \frac{M Q}{A H} = \frac{C M}{C A} = \frac{M L}{A B}

we obtain AHHB=KMML\frac{A H}{H B} = \frac{K M}{M L}.
Let the lines ADA D and BCB C meet at point SS and let the line SMS M meet ABA B at HH'. Then AHHB=KMML=AHHB\frac{A H'}{H' B} = \frac{K M}{M L} = \frac{A H}{H B}, so HHH' \equiv H, i.e., SS lies on the line MHM H.
The quadrilateral ABCDA B C D is not a trapezoid, so AHBHA H \neq B H. Consider the point AA' on the ray HBH B such that HA=HAH A' = H A. Since SAM=SAM=SBM\angle S A' M = \angle S A M = \angle S B M, quadrilateral ABSMA' B S M is cyclic and therefore ABC=ABS=AMH=AMH=90BAC\angle A B C = \angle A' B S = \angle A' M H = \angle A M H = 90^\circ - \angle B A C, which implies that ACB=90\angle A C B = 90^\circ.
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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.