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Clearly, equations (1) and (2) are equivalent to
sinθ1⋅sinθ2−cosθ1⋅cosθ2⩽x⩽sinθ1⋅sinθ2+cosθ1⋅cosθ2,sinθ3⋅sinθ4−cosθ3⋅cosθ4⩽x⩽sinθ3⋅sinθ4+cosθ3⋅cosθ4.
It is evident that the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of x∈R such that equations (4) and (5) hold simultaneously is
sinθ1⋅sinθ2+cosθ1⋅cosθ2−sinθ3⋅sinθ4+cosθ3⋅cosθ4⩾0,sinθ3⋅sinθ4+cosθ3⋅cosθ4−sinθ1⋅sinθ2+cosθ1⋅cosθ2⩾0.
On the other hand, using sin2α=1−cos2α, equation (3) can be transformed into
cos2θ1⋅cos2θ2+2cosθ1⋅cosθ2⋅cosθ3⋅cosθ4+cos2θ3⋅cos2θ4−sin2θ⋅sin2θ2+2sinθ1⋅sinθ2⋅sinθ3⋅sinθ4−sin2θ3⋅sin2θ4⩾0,
which simplifies to
(cosθ1⋅cosθ2+cosθ3⋅cosθ4)2−(sinθ1⋅sinθ2−sinθ3⋅sinθ4)2⩾0,
or equivalently,
(sinθ1⋅sinθ2+cosθ1⋅cosθ2−sinθ3⋅sinθ4+cosθ3⋅cosθ4)(sinθ3⋅sinθ4+cosθ3⋅cosθ4−sinθ1⋅sinθ2+cosθ1⋅cosθ2)⩾0.
When there exists x∈R such that equations (4) and (5) hold simultaneously, equations (6) and (7) immediately imply equation (8). Therefore, equation (3) holds.
Conversely, when equation (3), or equivalently equation (8), holds, if equations (6) and (7) do not hold, then
sinθ1⋅sinθ2+cosθ1⋅cosθ2−sinθ3⋅sinθ4+cosθ3⋅cosθ4<0sinθ3⋅sinθ4+cosθ3⋅cosθ4−sinθ1⋅sinθ2+cosθ1⋅cosθ2<0
Adding these two inequalities, we get
2(cosθ1⋅cosθ2+cosθ3⋅cosθ4)<0.
This contradicts θi∈(−2π,2π),i=1,2,3,4.
Therefore, equations (6) and (7) must hold simultaneously. Hence, there exists x∈R such that equations (4) and (5) hold simultaneously.