Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /500 of 520

Algebra Difficulty 7.7 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

29. The three sides of triangle T1T_{1} are a,b,ca, b, c, and its area is PP. The three sides of triangle T2T_{2} are u,v,wu, v, w, and its area is QQ. Prove the inequality: 16PQa2(u2+v2+w2)+b2(u2v2+16 P Q \leqslant a^{2}\left(-u^{2}+v^{2}+w^{2}\right)+b^{2}\left(u^{2}-v^{2}+\right. w2)+c2(u2+v2w2)(1978\left.w^{2}\right)+c^{2}\left(u^{2}+v^{2}-w^{2}\right) \cdot(1978 IMO Shortlist):

Solution

29. 16PQ a2(u2+v2+w2)+b2(u2v2+w2)+c2(u2+v2w2)\leqslant a^{2}\left(-u^{2}+v^{2}+w^{2}\right)+b^{2}\left(u^{2}-v^{2}+w^{2}\right)+c^{2}\left(u^{2}+v^{2}-w^{2}\right) \Leftrightarrow
16PQ+2(a2u2+b2v2+c2w2)(a2+b2+c2)(u2+v2+w2)\begin{array}{l} 16 P Q+2\left(a^{2} u^{2}+b^{2} v^{2}+c^{2} w^{2}\right) \leqslant \\ \left(a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2}\right)\left(u^{2}+v^{2}+w^{2}\right) \end{array}

By Heron's formula 16P2=(a2+b2+c2)22(a4+b4+c4)16 P^{2}=\left(a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2}\right)^{2}-2\left(a^{4}+b^{4}+c^{4}\right), we get
16P2+2(a4+b4+c4)=(a2+b2+c2)216 P^{2}+2\left(a^{4}+b^{4}+c^{4}\right)=\left(a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2}\right)^{2}

Similarly,
16Q2+2(u4+v4+w4)=(u2+v2+w2)216 Q^{2}+2\left(u^{4}+v^{4}+w^{4}\right)=\left(u^{2}+v^{2}+w^{2}\right)^{2}

By equations (2), (3), and the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, we get
16PQ+2(a2u2+b2v2+c2w2)16P2+2(a4+b4+c4)16Q2+2(u4+v4+w4)=(a2+b2+c2)(u2+v2+w2)\begin{array}{l} 16 P Q+2\left(a^{2} u^{2}+b^{2} v^{2}+c^{2} w^{2}\right) \leqslant \\ \sqrt{16 P^{2}+2\left(a^{4}+b^{4}+c^{4}\right)} \sqrt{16 Q^{2}+2\left(u^{4}+v^{4}+w^{4}\right)}= \\ \left(a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2}\right)\left(u^{2}+v^{2}+w^{2}\right) \end{array}

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.