AlgebraDifficulty 7.7National olympiad, round 2Prove it
Example 16 Let a,b,c,d∈R+, and abcd=1, prove that 1+a+a2+a31+1+b+b2+b31+1+c+c2+c31+1+d+d2+d31⩾1
Equality in (23) holds if and only if a=b=c=d=1.
Solution
First, prove 1+a+a2+a31+1+b+b2+b31⩾1+(ab)31
Equation (24) is equivalent to, for x,y∈R+, we have 1+x2+x4+x61+1+y2+y4+y61⩾1+x3y31
Equation (※)⇔(1+y2+y4+y6+1+x2+x4+x6)(1+x3y3)⩾(1+y2+y4+y6)(1+x2+x4+x6)⇔1+2x3y3+x3y3(x2+y2)+x3y3(x4+y4)+x3y3(x6+y6)⩾x2y2+x4y4+x6y6+x2y2(x2+y2)+x2y2(x4+y4)+x4y4(x2+y2)⇔ (1−x2y2−x4y4+x6y6)+x3y3[x4+y4−xy(x2+y2)]+x3y3[x6+y6−2x3y3]⩾x2y2(x2+y2−2xy)+x2y2[x4+y4−xy(x2+y2)]⇔(1−x2y2)2(1+x2y2)+x3y3(x−y)2(x2+y2+xy)+x3y3(x−y)2(x2+y2+xy)2⩾x2y2(x−y)2+x2y2(x−y)2(x2+y2+xy)⇔(1−x2y2)2(1+x2y2)+x3y3(x−y)2(x2+y2+xy)(x2+y2+xy+1)⩾x2y2(x−y)2(x2+y2+xy+1)⇔(1−xy)2(1+xy)2(1+x2y2)⩾x2y2(x−y)2(x2+y2+xy+1)[1−xy(x2+y2+xy)] If 1−xy(x2+y2+xy)⩽0, then the above inequality clearly holds; if 1−xy(x2+y2+xy)⩾ 0, in this case the right side of the above inequality =x2y2(x−y)2(x2+y2+xy+1)[1−xy(x2+y2+xy)]=21[xy(x2+xy+y2)−3x2y2][xy(x2+xy+y2)+xy][2−2xy(x2+xy+y2)]⩽21⋅(32+xy−3x2y2)3= (Applying the AM-GM inequality) 54(1−xy)3(2+3xy)3
Therefore, it suffices to prove (1−xy)(2+3xy)3⩽54(1+xy)2(1+x2y2)
This inequality is easily obtained from the following, i.e., 54(1+xy)2(1+x2y2)⩾27(1+xy)4=(1+xy)(3+3xy)3>(1−xy)(2+3xy)3
Hence, equation (※) holds, and thus equation (24) holds.
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