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Geometry Difficulty 7.5 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

Prove that all quadrilaterals ABCDABCD where B=D=90o\angle B = \angle D = 90^o, AB=BC|AB| = |BC| and AD+DC=1|AD| + |DC| = 1, have the same area.
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Solution

1. Let the length of AB=x AB = x .
2. Let the lengths of AD AD and DC DC be a a and b b respectively.
3. Given that B=D=90 \angle B = \angle D = 90^\circ , quadrilateral ABCD ABCD can be divided into two right triangles ABD \triangle ABD and BCD \triangle BCD .
4. The area of quadrilateral ABCD ABCD is the sum of the areas of ABD \triangle ABD and BCD \triangle BCD .

The area of ABD \triangle ABD is:
Area of ABD=12×AB×AD=12×x×a \text{Area of } \triangle ABD = \frac{1}{2} \times AB \times AD = \frac{1}{2} \times x \times a

The area of BCD \triangle BCD is:
Area of BCD=12×BC×DC=12×x×b \text{Area of } \triangle BCD = \frac{1}{2} \times BC \times DC = \frac{1}{2} \times x \times b

5. Therefore, the total area of quadrilateral ABCD ABCD is:
Area of ABCD=12×x×a+12×x×b=12x(a+b) \text{Area of } ABCD = \frac{1}{2} \times x \times a + \frac{1}{2} \times x \times b = \frac{1}{2} x (a + b)

6. Given that AD+DC=1 |AD| + |DC| = 1 , we have:
a+b=1 a + b = 1

7. Substituting a+b=1 a + b = 1 into the area formula, we get:
Area of ABCD=12x×1=12x \text{Area of } ABCD = \frac{1}{2} x \times 1 = \frac{1}{2} x

8. We also know that AB=BC=x |AB| = |BC| = x , and since B=D=90 \angle B = \angle D = 90^\circ , we can use the Pythagorean theorem in ABD \triangle ABD and BCD \triangle BCD :
AB2+AD2=BD2andBC2+DC2=BD2 AB^2 + AD^2 = BD^2 \quad \text{and} \quad BC^2 + DC^2 = BD^2

Since AB=BC=x AB = BC = x , we have:
x2+a2=BD2andx2+b2=BD2 x^2 + a^2 = BD^2 \quad \text{and} \quad x^2 + b^2 = BD^2

Therefore:
x2+a2=x2+b2 x^2 + a^2 = x^2 + b^2

This implies:
a2=b2 a^2 = b^2

9. Since a a and b b are positive lengths, we have a=b a = b . Given a+b=1 a + b = 1 , we get:
2a=1    a=12andb=12 2a = 1 \implies a = \frac{1}{2} \quad \text{and} \quad b = \frac{1}{2}

10. Substituting a=12 a = \frac{1}{2} and b=12 b = \frac{1}{2} into the area formula, we get:
Area of ABCD=12x×1=12x \text{Area of } ABCD = \frac{1}{2} x \times 1 = \frac{1}{2} x

11. To find x x , we use the fact that 2x2=a2+b2 2x^2 = a^2 + b^2 :
2x2=(12)2+(12)2=14+14=12 2x^2 = \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2 = \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{4} = \frac{1}{2}

Therefore:
x2=14    x=12 x^2 = \frac{1}{4} \implies x = \frac{1}{2}

12. Substituting x=12 x = \frac{1}{2} into the area formula, we get:
Area of ABCD=12×12=14 \text{Area of } ABCD = \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{4}

Thus, the area of quadrilateral ABCD ABCD is always 14 \frac{1}{4} .

The final answer is 14 \boxed{\frac{1}{4}} .

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.