Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /355 of 520

Algebra Difficulty 7.1 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

Let a,b,ca, b, c be positive real numbers such that abc=8abc = 8. Prove that
ab+4a+2+bc+4b+2+ca+4c+26\frac{ab + 4}{a + 2}+\frac{bc + 4}{b + 2}+\frac{ca + 4}{c + 2}\ge 6.

Solution

1. Substitution: Let a=2x a = 2x , b=2y b = 2y , and c=2z c = 2z . Given abc=8 abc = 8 , we have:
(2x)(2y)(2z)=8    8xyz=8    xyz=1 (2x)(2y)(2z) = 8 \implies 8xyz = 8 \implies xyz = 1
We need to prove:
ab+4a+2+bc+4b+2+ca+4c+26 \frac{ab + 4}{a + 2} + \frac{bc + 4}{b + 2} + \frac{ca + 4}{c + 2} \geq 6

2. Simplification: Substitute a=2x a = 2x , b=2y b = 2y , and c=2z c = 2z into the expression:
ab+4a+2=(2x)(2y)+42x+2=4xy+42(x+1)=2(xy+1)x+1 \frac{ab + 4}{a + 2} = \frac{(2x)(2y) + 4}{2x + 2} = \frac{4xy + 4}{2(x + 1)} = \frac{2(xy + 1)}{x + 1}
Similarly,
bc+4b+2=2(yz+1)y+1 \frac{bc + 4}{b + 2} = \frac{2(yz + 1)}{y + 1}
ca+4c+2=2(zx+1)z+1 \frac{ca + 4}{c + 2} = \frac{2(zx + 1)}{z + 1}
Therefore, the inequality becomes:
2(xy+1)x+1+2(yz+1)y+1+2(zx+1)z+16 \frac{2(xy + 1)}{x + 1} + \frac{2(yz + 1)}{y + 1} + \frac{2(zx + 1)}{z + 1} \geq 6
Dividing both sides by 2, we need to prove:
xy+1x+1+yz+1y+1+zx+1z+13 \frac{xy + 1}{x + 1} + \frac{yz + 1}{y + 1} + \frac{zx + 1}{z + 1} \geq 3

3. Further Substitution: Let x=pq x = \frac{p}{q} , y=qr y = \frac{q}{r} , and z=rp z = \frac{r}{p} . Then xyz=1 xyz = 1 is satisfied because:
(pq)(qr)(rp)=1 \left(\frac{p}{q}\right)\left(\frac{q}{r}\right)\left(\frac{r}{p}\right) = 1
We need to prove:
cycxy+1x+1=pqqr+1pq+1=pr+1p+qq=p+rrp+qq=q(p+r)r(p+q)3 \sum_{cyc} \frac{xy + 1}{x + 1} = \frac{\frac{p}{q} \cdot \frac{q}{r} + 1}{\frac{p}{q} + 1} = \frac{\frac{p}{r} + 1}{\frac{p + q}{q}} = \frac{\frac{p + r}{r}}{\frac{p + q}{q}} = \frac{q(p + r)}{r(p + q)} \geq 3

4. Application of AM-GM Inequality: By the AM-GM inequality, we know that for positive real numbers a,b,c a, b, c :
ab+bc+ca3 \frac{a}{b} + \frac{b}{c} + \frac{c}{a} \geq 3
Applying this to our terms:
q(p+r)r(p+q)+r(q+p)p(q+r)+p(r+q)q(r+p)3 \frac{q(p + r)}{r(p + q)} + \frac{r(q + p)}{p(q + r)} + \frac{p(r + q)}{q(r + p)} \geq 3
This is straightforward by AM-GM since the product of all summands is 1.

Thus, we have shown that:
xy+1x+1+yz+1y+1+zx+1z+13 \frac{xy + 1}{x + 1} + \frac{yz + 1}{y + 1} + \frac{zx + 1}{z + 1} \geq 3

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.