Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 7.2 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

Let ABCDEFABCDEF be a cyclic hexagon satisfying ABBDAB\perp BD and BC=EFBC=EF.Let PP be the intersection of lines BCBC and ADAD and let QQ be the intersection of lines EFEF and ADAD.Assume that PP and QQ are on the same side of DD and AA is on the opposite side.Let SS be the midpoint of ADAD.Let KK and LL be the incentres of BPS\triangle BPS and EQS\triangle EQS respectively.Prove that KDL=900\angle KDL=90^0.

Solution

1. Identify the given conditions and setup:
- ABCDEFABCDEF is a cyclic hexagon.
- ABBDAB \perp BD.
- BC=EFBC = EF.
- PP is the intersection of lines BCBC and ADAD.
- QQ is the intersection of lines EFEF and ADAD.
- PP and QQ are on the same side of DD.
- AA is on the opposite side.
- SS is the midpoint of ADAD.
- KK and LL are the incenters of BPS\triangle BPS and EQS\triangle EQS respectively.

2. **Prove that SS is the circumcenter of the hexagon:**
- Since SS is the midpoint of ADAD and ABBDAB \perp BD, SS lies on the perpendicular bisector of ADAD.
- Given that BC=EFBC = EF, triangles BCS\triangle BCS and EFS\triangle EFS are congruent by the Side-Angle-Side (SAS) criterion.
- Therefore, CBS=FES\angle CBS = \angle FES.

3. **Calculate the angles involving KK and LL:**
- Since KK is the incenter of BPS\triangle BPS, KBS=12CBS\angle KBS = \frac{1}{2} \angle CBS.
- Similarly, since LL is the incenter of EQS\triangle EQS, LES=12QES\angle LES = \frac{1}{2} \angle QES.

4. Use the cyclic nature of the hexagon:
- Since ABCDEFABCDEF is cyclic, CBS+QES=180\angle CBS + \angle QES = 180^\circ.

5. **Sum the angles to find KDL\angle KDL:**
- KDS=KBS=12CBS\angle KDS = \angle KBS = \frac{1}{2} \angle CBS.
- LDS=LES=12QES\angle LDS = \angle LES = \frac{1}{2} \angle QES.
- Therefore, KDS+LDS=12CBS+12QES=12(CBS+QES)=12×180=90\angle KDS + \angle LDS = \frac{1}{2} \angle CBS + \frac{1}{2} \angle QES = \frac{1}{2} ( \angle CBS + \angle QES ) = \frac{1}{2} \times 180^\circ = 90^\circ.

Thus, KDL=90\angle KDL = 90^\circ.

\blacksquare

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.