Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /388 of 520

Algebra Difficulty 7.2 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

5. (1) If x,y,zx, y, z are positive numbers, and satisfy xyz=1x y z=1, prove: x9+y9x6+x3y3+y6+\frac{x^{9}+y^{9}}{x^{6}+x^{3} y^{3}+y^{6}}+ y9+z9y6+y3z3+z6+z9+x9z6+z3x3+x62\frac{y^{9}+z^{9}}{y^{6}+y^{3} z^{3}+z^{6}}+\frac{z^{9}+x^{9}}{z^{6}+z^{3} x^{3}+x^{6}} \geqslant 2. (1997 Romanian Mathematical Olympiad Problem)

Solution

5. (1) Since
x9+y9=(x3+y3)(x6x3y3+y6)x6x3y3+y6x6+x3y3+y6=12x3y3x6+x3y3+y612x3y32x3y3+x3y3=13\begin{array}{c} x^{9}+y^{9}=\left(x^{3}+y^{3}\right)\left(x^{6}-x^{3} y^{3}+y^{6}\right) \\ \frac{x^{6}-x^{3} y^{3}+y^{6}}{x^{6}+x^{3} y^{3}+y^{6}}=1-\frac{2 x^{3} y^{3}}{x^{6}+x^{3} y^{3}+y^{6}} \geqslant 1-\frac{2 x^{3} y^{3}}{2 x^{3} y^{3}+x^{3} y^{3}}=\frac{1}{3} \end{array}

Therefore,
x9+y9x6+x3y3+y613(x3+y3)\frac{x^{9}+y^{9}}{x^{6}+x^{3} y^{3}+y^{6}} \geqslant \frac{1}{3}\left(x^{3}+y^{3}\right)

Similarly,
y9+z9y6+y3z3+z613(y3+z3)z9+x9z6+z3x3+x613(z3+x3)\begin{array}{l} \frac{y^{9}+z^{9}}{y^{6}+y^{3} z^{3}+z^{6}} \geqslant \frac{1}{3}\left(y^{3}+z^{3}\right) \\ \frac{z^{9}+x^{9}}{z^{6}+z^{3} x^{3}+x^{6}} \geqslant \frac{1}{3}\left(z^{3}+x^{3}\right) \end{array}

Therefore,
x9+y9x6+x3y3+y6+y9+z9y6+y3z3+z6+z9+x9z6+z3x3+x623(x3+y3+z3)2xyz=2\frac{x^{9}+y^{9}}{x^{6}+x^{3} y^{3}+y^{6}}+\frac{y^{9}+z^{9}}{y^{6}+y^{3} z^{3}+z^{6}}+\frac{z^{9}+x^{9}}{z^{6}+z^{3} x^{3}+x^{6}} \geqslant \frac{2}{3}\left(x^{3}+y^{3}+z^{3}\right) \geqslant 2 x y z=2

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.