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Algebra Difficulty 7.6 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

46. Given that a,b,ca, b, c are positive numbers, and ab+bc+ca3abca b + b c + c a \leqslant 3 a b c, prove: a2+b2a+b+b2+c2b+c+\sqrt{\frac{a^{2}+b^{2}}{a+b}}+\sqrt{\frac{b^{2}+c^{2}}{b+c}}+ c2+a2c+a+32(a+b)+2(b+c)+2(c+a)\sqrt{\frac{c^{2}+a^{2}}{c+a}}+3 \leqslant \sqrt{2(a+b)}+\sqrt{2(b+c)}+\sqrt{2(c+a)}. (2009 IMO Shortlist, 2010 Iran National Training Team Problem)

Solution

46. By Cauchy-Schwarz inequality (square mean is no less than arithmetic mean),
2a+b=2aba+b12(2+a2+b2ab)2aba+b12(2+a2+b2ab)=2aba+b+a2+b2a+b\begin{array}{l} \sqrt{2} \sqrt{a+b}=2 \sqrt{\frac{a b}{a+b}} \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}\left(2+\frac{a^{2}+b^{2}}{a b}\right)} \geqslant \\ 2 \sqrt{\frac{a b}{a+b}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{\frac{a^{2}+b^{2}}{a b}}\right)=\sqrt{\frac{2 a b}{a+b}}+\sqrt{\frac{a^{2}+b^{2}}{a+b}} \end{array}

Similarly,
2b+c2bcb+c+b2+c2b+c2c+a2cac+a+c2+a2c+a\begin{array}{l} \sqrt{2} \sqrt{b+c} \geqslant \sqrt{\frac{2 b c}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b^{2}+c^{2}}{b+c}} \\ \sqrt{2} \sqrt{c+a} \geqslant \sqrt{\frac{2 c a}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c^{2}+a^{2}}{c+a}} \end{array}

By Hölder's inequality,
(2aba+b+2bcb+c+2cac+a)2(a+b2ab+b+c2bc+c+a2ca)27\left(\sqrt{\frac{2 a b}{a+b}}+\sqrt{\frac{2 b c}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{2 c a}{c+a}}\right)^{2}\left(\frac{a+b}{2 a b}+\frac{b+c}{2 b c}+\frac{c+a}{2 c a}\right) \geqslant 27

Therefore,
2aba+b+2bcb+c+2cac+a33abcab+bc+ca3\sqrt{\frac{2 a b}{a+b}}+\sqrt{\frac{2 b c}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{2 c a}{c+a}} \geqslant 3 \sqrt{\frac{3 a b c}{a b+b c+c a}} \geqslant 3

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.