Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 7.3 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

Let a triangle ABCABC be given with AB<ACAB <AC. Let the inscribed center of the triangle be II. The perpendicular bisector of side BCBC intersects the angle bisector of BACBAC at point SS and the angle bisector of CBACBA at point TT. Prove that the points C,I,SC, I, S and TT lie on a circle.

(Karl Czakler)

Solution

1. Identify the key points and properties:
- Let I I be the incenter of ABC\triangle ABC.
- The perpendicular bisector of BC BC intersects the angle bisector of BAC\angle BAC at S S .
- The angle bisector of CBA\angle CBA intersects the angle bisector of BAC\angle BAC at T T .

2. **Establish the cyclic nature of points C,I,S,T C, I, S, T :**
- We need to show that C,I,S,T C, I, S, T lie on a circle. This can be done by proving that the power of point I I with respect to the circle passing through C,S,T C, S, T is equal to the power of point I I with respect to the circle passing through C,S,T C, S, T .

3. Use the Sine Rule and Angle Bisector Theorem:
- Let IC IC intersect TS TS at point R R . Assume IR=1 IR = 1 .
- Since I I is the incenter, BR=RC BR = RC .
- Using the Sine Rule in the relevant triangles, we get:
TR=sin(B+C2)cos(B2) TR = \frac{\sin\left(\frac{B+C}{2}\right)}{\cos\left(\frac{B}{2}\right)}
RS=sin(A+C2)sin(BC2) RS = \frac{\sin\left(\frac{A+C}{2}\right)}{\sin\left(\frac{B-C}{2}\right)}
BR=cos(A2)sin(BC2) BR = \frac{\cos\left(\frac{A}{2}\right)}{\sin\left(\frac{B-C}{2}\right)}

4. Verify the cyclic condition:
- We need to check if the equation IRRC=TRRS IR \cdot RC = TR \cdot RS holds:
IRRC=TRRS IR \cdot RC = TR \cdot RS
Substituting the values, we get:
cos(A2)sin(BC2)=sin(B+C2)cos(B2)sin(A+C2)sin(BC2) \frac{\cos\left(\frac{A}{2}\right)}{\sin\left(\frac{B-C}{2}\right)} = \frac{\sin\left(\frac{B+C}{2}\right)}{\cos\left(\frac{B}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{\sin\left(\frac{A+C}{2}\right)}{\sin\left(\frac{B-C}{2}\right)}
Simplifying, we get:
cos(A2)=sin(B+C2)sin(A+C2)cos(B2) \cos\left(\frac{A}{2}\right) = \frac{\sin\left(\frac{B+C}{2}\right) \cdot \sin\left(\frac{A+C}{2}\right)}{\cos\left(\frac{B}{2}\right)}
cos(A2)cos(B2)=sin(B+C2)sin(A+C2) \cos\left(\frac{A}{2}\right) \cos\left(\frac{B}{2}\right) = \sin\left(\frac{B+C}{2}\right) \cdot \sin\left(\frac{A+C}{2}\right)
Using the identity sin(90x)=cos(x)\sin(90^\circ - x) = \cos(x), we get:
cos(A2)cos(B2)=cos(90A2)cos(90B2) \cos\left(\frac{A}{2}\right) \cos\left(\frac{B}{2}\right) = \cos\left(90^\circ - \frac{A}{2}\right) \cdot \cos\left(90^\circ - \frac{B}{2}\right)
This is obviously true.

5. Conclusion:
- Since the equation IRRC=TRRS IR \cdot RC = TR \cdot RS holds, the points C,I,S,T C, I, S, T must be cyclic.

\blacksquare

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.