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Geometry Difficulty 4.3 AIME Find the answer

Given an ellipse C: x2a2+y2b2=1\frac{x^2}{a^2} + \frac{y^2}{b^2} = 1 (with a>b>0a > b > 0) whose left and right vertices are A and B, respectively, and the major axis is 8 units long. Point T is on the ellipse, and the product of the slopes of lines TA and TB is 34- \frac{3}{4}.
(Ⅰ) Find the equation of the ellipse C.
(Ⅱ) Let O be the origin, and a variable line through point M(0, 2) intersects ellipse C at points P and Q. Find the range of OPOQ+MPMQ\overrightarrow{OP} \cdot \overrightarrow{OQ} + \overrightarrow{MP} \cdot \overrightarrow{MQ}.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

(Ⅰ) Since the length of the major axis is 8, we have 2a=82a = 8, thus a=4a = 4. Without loss of generality, we assume the foci of the ellipse are on the x-axis, so the left and right vertices of the ellipse are A(-a, 0) and B(a, 0), that is, A(-4, 0) and B(4, 0).

Denote point T on the ellipse as T(x, y). The slope of line TA, k1k_1, can be represented as k1=yx+4k_1 = \frac{y}{x + 4}, and the slope of line TB, k2k_2, can be represented as k2=yx4k_2 = \frac{y}{x - 4}. Given that their product is k1k2=34k_1 k_2 = - \frac{3}{4}, we get yx+4yx4=34\frac{y}{x + 4} \cdot \frac{y}{x - 4} = - \frac{3}{4}.

Solve the above equation, and we have y2=34(x216)y^2 = -\frac{3}{4} (x^2 - 16). Substituting a=4a = 4 into the ellipse equation and solving for b2b^2 gives us the ellipse equation: x2+y2163=16x^2 + \frac{y^2}{\frac{16}{3}} = 16 or simply, x216+y2163=1\frac{x^2}{16} + \frac{y^2}{\frac{16}{3}} = 1.

(Ⅱ) When the slope of line PQ exists, let's assume the equation of line PQ is y=kx+2y = kx + 2. Points P and Q on the ellipse can be denoted as (x1,y1)(x_1, y_1) and (x2,y2)(x_2, y_2), respectively. By substituting y=kx+2y = kx + 2 into the ellipse equation, we obtain a quadratic equation (4k2+3)x2+16kx32=0(4k^2 + 3)x^2 + 16kx - 32 = 0. From this, we have x1+x2=16k4k2+3x_1 + x_2 = - \frac{16k}{4k^2 + 3} and x1x2=324k2+3x_1 x_2 = - \frac{32}{4k^2 + 3}.

Therefore, OPOQ+MPMQ=x1x2+y1y2+[x1x2+(y12)(y22)]=2(1+k2)x1x2+2k(x1+x2)+4=20+84k2+3\overrightarrow{OP} \cdot \overrightarrow{OQ} + \overrightarrow{MP} \cdot \overrightarrow{MQ} = x_1 x_2 + y_1 y_2 + [x_1 x_2 + (y_1 - 2)(y_2 - 2)] = 2(1 + k^2) x_1 x_2 + 2k(x_1 + x_2) + 4 = -20 + \frac{8}{4k^2 + 3}.

The value range of OPOQ+MPMQ\overrightarrow{OP} \cdot \overrightarrow{OQ} + \overrightarrow{MP} \cdot \overrightarrow{MQ} is 20<OPOQ+MPMQ523-20 < \overrightarrow{OP} \cdot \overrightarrow{OQ} + \overrightarrow{MP} \cdot \overrightarrow{MQ} \leq -\frac{52}{3}.

When the slope of line PQ does not exist (i.e., the line is vertical), the value of OPOQ+MPMQ\overrightarrow{OP} \cdot \overrightarrow{OQ} + \overrightarrow{MP} \cdot \overrightarrow{MQ} is 20-20. Combining this with the previously derived range, we can conclude that the range of OPOQ+MPMQ\overrightarrow{OP} \cdot \overrightarrow{OQ} + \overrightarrow{MP} \cdot \overrightarrow{MQ} is [20,523]\boxed{[-20, -\frac{52}{3}]}.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.