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Geometry Difficulty 6.6 National olympiad Prove it

3. (UKR) IMO{ }^{\mathrm{IMO}} Let II be the incenter of triangle ABCA B C. Let K,LK, L, and MM be the points of tangency of the incircle of ABCA B C with AB,BCA B, B C, and CAC A, respectively. The line tt passes through BB and is parallel to KLK L. The lines MKM K and MLM L intersect tt at the points RR and SS. Prove that RIS\angle R I S is acute.

Solution

3. Lemma. If U,W,VU, W, V are three points on a line ll in this order, and XX a point in the plane with XWUVX W \perp U V, then UXV=90\angle U X V = 90^{\circ}. Proof. Let XW2>UWVWX W^{2} > U W \cdot V W, and let X0X_{0} be a point on the segment XWX W such that X0W2=UWVWX_{0} W^{2} = U W \cdot V W. Then X0W/UW=VW/X0WX_{0} W / U W = V W / X_{0} W, so that triangles X0WUX_{0} W U and VWX0V W X_{0} are similar. Thus UX0V=UX0W+WUX0=90\angle U X_{0} V = \angle U X_{0} W + \angle W U X_{0} = 90^{\circ}, which immediately implies that UXV=90\angle U X V = 90^{\circ}. Note that BKRBSL\triangle B K R \sim \triangle B S L : in fact, we have KBR=SBL=90β/2\angle K B R = \angle S B L = 90^{\circ} - \beta / 2 and BKR=AKM=KLM=BSL=90α/2\angle B K R = \angle A K M = \angle K L M = \angle B S L = 90^{\circ} - \alpha / 2. In particular, we obtain BR/BK=BL/BS=BK/BSB R / B K = B L / B S = B K / B S, so that BRBS=BK2B R \cdot B S = B K^2. Since BM>BLB M > B L, we conclude that MBE<12MBK\angle M B E < \frac{1}{2} \angle M B K and MBF<12MBL\angle M B F < \frac{1}{2} \angle M B L. Adding these two inequalities gives EBF<β/2\angle E B F < \beta / 2. Therefore RIS<90\angle R I S < 90^{\circ}. Remark. It can be shown (using vectors) that the statement remains true for an arbitrary line tt passing through BB.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.