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Geometry Difficulty 5.9 AIME, harder Prove it

4. Given ABC(AB>BC)\triangle A B C(A B>B C) with the circumcircle Γ\Gamma, MM and NN are points on sides ABA B and BCB C respectively, such that AM=CNA M=C N. Line MNM N intersects ACA C at point KK, PP is the incenter of AMK\triangle A M K, and QQ is the excenter of CNK\triangle C N K opposite to side CNC N. Prove: The midpoint of arc \overparenABC\overparen{A B C} of circle Γ\Gamma is equidistant from points PP and QQ.

Solution

4. Let SS be the midpoint of arc \overparenABC\overparen{A B C}, RR and TT be the midpoints of ACA C and MNM N respectively. Then
AMSCNSSM=SNSRK=STK=90, \begin{array}{l} \triangle A M S \cong \triangle C N S \Rightarrow S M=S N \\ \Rightarrow \angle S R K=\angle S T K=90^{\circ}, \end{array}

i.e., RR and TT both lie on the circle Γ1\Gamma_{1} with diameter SKS K.
Let PQP Q intersect circle Γ1\Gamma_{1} at point DD. Then
DR=DT,ARD=DTN D R=D T, \angle A R D=\angle D T N \text {. }

Let P1P_{1} and P2P_{2} be the points where the incircle of AKM\triangle A K M touches the lines KAK A and KMK M respectively, and Q1Q_{1} and Q2Q_{2} be the points where the excircle of CKN\triangle C K N touches the lines KAK A and KMK M respectively. Then
RP1+TP2=RA+AP1+MP2+TM=RA+AM+TM,RQ1+TQ2=RC+CN+TN. Thus, RP1+TP2=RQ1+TQ2. Also, RP1+RQ1=P1Q1=P2Q2=TP2+TQ2, so RP1=TQ2,RQ1=TP2. Hence, RP1=TQ2,DR=DT,P1RD=Q2TD. \begin{array}{l} R P_{1}+T P_{2}=R A+A P_{1}+M P_{2}+T M \\ =R A+A M+T M, \\ R Q_{1}+T Q_{2}=R C+C N+T N . \\ \text { Thus, } R P_{1}+T P_{2}=R Q_{1}+T Q_{2} . \\ \text { Also, } R P_{1}+R Q_{1}=P_{1} Q_{1}=P_{2} Q_{2}=T P_{2}+T Q_{2} \text {, so } \\ R P_{1}=T Q_{2}, R Q_{1}=T P_{2} . \\ \text { Hence, } R P_{1}=T Q_{2}, D R=D T, \\ \angle P_{1} R D=\angle Q_{2} T D . \end{array}
 Therefore, DRP1DTQ2DP1=DQ2 \text { Therefore, } \triangle D R P_{1} \cong \triangle D T Q_{2} \Rightarrow D P_{1}=D Q_{2} \text {. }

By symmetry, DQ2=DQ1D Q_{2}=D Q_{1}, i.e., DP1Q1\triangle D P_{1} Q_{1} is an isosceles triangle.
Thus, point DD lies on the midline of the right trapezoid PQQ1P1P Q Q_{1} P_{1}.
Therefore, DP=DQD P=D Q.
Since SDPQS D \perp P Q, it follows that SP=SQS P=S Q.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.