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Algebra Difficulty 7.8 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

(1) Example 3 x,y,zx, y, z are positive numbers, prove that: xyz(x+y+z+x2+y2+z2)(x2+y2+z2)(yz+zx+xy)\frac{x y z\left(x+y+z+\sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}}\right)}{\left(x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}\right)(y z+z x+x y)} \leqslant 3+39\frac{3+\sqrt{3}}{9}. (1997 Hong Kong Mathematical Olympiad Training Team Question)

Solution

Prove that first transform the left side of the inequality into an average form.
 Left =x+y+z+x2+y2+z2(x2+y2+z2)(1x+1y+1z)=x+y+zx2+y2+z21x2+y2+z2(1x+1y+1z)+1x2+y2+z2(1x+1y+1z). Let λ=x+y+zx2+y2+z2,μ=1x2+y2+z2(1x+1y+1z),\begin{aligned} \text { Left }= & \frac{x+y+z+\sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}}}{\left(x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)} \\ = & \frac{x+y+z}{\sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}}} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)} \\ & +\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)} . \\ \text { Let } \lambda= & \frac{x+y+z}{\sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}}}, \mu=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)}, \end{aligned}

By Corollary 4, we have
31x+1y+1zx+y+z3x2+y2+z23\frac{3}{\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}} \leqslant \frac{x+y+z}{3} \leqslant \sqrt{\frac{x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}}{3}}

Therefore,
λ3,μ133,\lambda \leqslant \sqrt{3}, \mu \leqslant \frac{1}{3 \sqrt{3}},

Thus, the left side =λμ+μ3+39=\lambda \mu+\mu \leqslant \frac{3+\sqrt{3}}{9}.
In general, if a1,a2,,ana_{1}, a_{2}, \cdots, a_{n} are positive real numbers, then
i=1nai+(i=1nai2)12(i=1nai2)(i=1n1ai)1n2(n+n)\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} a_{i}+\left(\sum_{i=1}^{n} a_{i}^{2}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}}{\left(\sum_{i=1}^{n} a_{i}^{2}\right)\left(\sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{1}{a^{i}}\right)} \leqslant \frac{1}{n^{2}}(n+\sqrt{n})

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.