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Algebra Difficulty 7.8 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

Example 13 (1) Let three positive real numbers a,b,ca, b, c satisfy: (a2b2+c2)2>2(a4+b4+c4)\left(a^{2} \mp b^{2}+c^{2}\right)^{2}>2\left(a^{4}+b^{4}+c^{4}\right). Prove: a,b,ca, b, c must be the lengths of the sides of some triangle.
(2) Let nn positive real numbers a1,a2,,ana_{1}, a_{2}, \cdots, a_{n} satisfy:
(a12+a22++an2)2>(n1)(a14+a24++an4)\left(a_{1}^{2}+a_{2}^{2}+\cdots+a_{n}^{2}\right)^{2}>(n-1)\left(a_{1}^{4}+a_{2}^{4}+\cdots+a_{n}^{4}\right)

where n>3n>3.

Solution

Prove by (1) and the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality:
(n1)(a14+a24++an4)<(a12+a22++an2)2=(a12+a22+a322+a12+a22+a322+a42++an2)2(n1)[(a12+a22+a32)24+(a12+a22+a32)24+a44++an4]\begin{array}{l} (n-1)\left(a_{1}^{4}+a_{2}^{4}+\cdots+a_{n}^{4}\right)<\left(a_{1}^{2}+a_{2}^{2}+\cdots+a_{n}^{2}\right)^{2}= \\ \left(\frac{a_{1}^{2}+a_{2}^{2}+a_{3}^{2}}{2}+\frac{a_{1}^{2}+a_{2}^{2}+a_{3}^{2}}{2}+a_{4}^{2}+\cdots+a_{n}^{2}\right)^{2} \leqslant \\ (n-1)\left[\frac{\left(a_{1}^{2}+a_{2}^{2}+a_{3}^{2}\right)^{2}}{4}+\frac{\left(a_{1}^{2}+a_{2}^{2}+a_{3}^{2}\right)^{2}}{4}+a_{4}^{4}+\cdots+a_{n}^{4}\right] \end{array}

Thus, we obtain 2(a14+a24+a34)<(a12+a22+a32)22\left(a_{1}^{4}+a_{2}^{4}+a_{3}^{4}\right)<\left(a_{1}^{2}+a_{2}^{2}+a_{3}^{2}\right)^{2}.
The ingenuity of this proof method lies in transforming the sum of three terms into the sum of two terms, thereby converting an expression that is the sum of n n terms into an expression that is the sum of n1 n-1 terms. When applying the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, a factor of (n1) (n-1) appears, which cancels out with the same factor on the other side, thus solving the problem with just one application of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.