Maths Olympiad Prep

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Algebra Difficulty 6.8 National olympiad Prove it

4. Let a,b,ca, b, c be non-negative numbers such that a3+b3+c3=3a^{3}+b^{3}+c^{3}=3. Prove that
a4b4+b4c4+c4a43a^{4} b^{4}+b^{4} c^{4}+c^{4} a^{4} \leqslant 3

Solution

4. (2007.02.26) Prove briefly: If x,y,zRx, y, z \in \mathbf{R}^{-}, then xyz(x+y+z)x y z \geqslant \prod(-x+y+z), i.e., x3+3xyzyz(y+z)\sum x^{3}+3 x y z \geqslant \sum y z(y+z). The following will use this inequality. Since
9b4c4=9(b3c3bc)3b3c3(b3+c3+1)=3b3c3(b3+c3)+3b3c3=b3c3(b3+c3)+2b3c3(b3+c3)+3b3c3(a9+3a3b3+2b3c3cb3+c3)+3b3c3=a3(a6+b3c3)+3b3c3=a3(a6+2b3c3)=(a3)3=27\begin{aligned} 9 \sum b^{4} c^{4}= & 9 \sum\left(b^{3} c^{3} \cdot b c\right) \leqslant 3 \sum b^{3} c^{3}\left(b^{3}+c^{3}+1\right)= \\ & 3 \sum b^{3} c^{3}\left(b^{3}+c^{3}\right)+3 \sum b^{3} c^{3}= \\ & \sum b^{3} c^{3}\left(b^{3}+c^{3}\right)+2 \sum b^{3} c^{3}\left(b^{3}+c^{3}\right)+3 \sum b^{3} c^{3} \leqslant \\ & \left(\sum a^{9}+3 a^{3} b^{3}+2 \sum b^{3} c^{3} c b^{3}+c^{3}\right)+3 \sum b^{3} c^{3}= \\ & \sum a^{3}\left(\sum a^{6}+\sum b^{3} c^{3}\right)+3 \sum b^{3} c^{3}= \\ & \sum a^{3} \cdot\left(\sum a^{6}+2 \sum b^{3} c^{3}\right)=\left(\sum a^{3}\right)^{3}=27 \end{aligned}
(Note that a2=3\sum a^{2}=3).
Note: If a3+b3+c33λ3a^{3}+b^{3}+c^{3} \leqslant 3 \lambda^{3}, then 3b4c4λ2(a3)23 \sum b^{4} c^{4} \leqslant \lambda^{2} \cdot\left(\sum a^{3}\right)^{2}. The proof is similar to the above.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.