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Algebra Difficulty 6.8 National olympiad Prove it

18. (USA) Positive real numbers a,b,ca, b, c satisfy abc=1a b c=1. Prove:
1a5(b+2c)2+1b5(c+2a)2+1c5(a+2b)213.\frac{1}{a^{5}(b+2 c)^{2}}+\frac{1}{b^{5}(c+2 a)^{2}}+\frac{1}{c^{5}(a+2 b)^{2}} \geqslant \frac{1}{3} .

Solution

Proof. Since abc=1a b c=1, we have
1a5(b+2c)2=b3c3(ab+2ac)21b5(c+2a)2=c3a3(bc+2ba)21c5(a+2b)2=a3b3(ca+2cb)2\begin{array}{l} \frac{1}{a^{5}(b+2 c)^{2}}=\frac{b^{3} c^{3}}{(a b+2 a c)^{2}} \\ \frac{1}{b^{5}(c+2 a)^{2}}=\frac{c^{3} a^{3}}{(b c+2 b a)^{2}} \\ \frac{1}{c^{5}(a+2 b)^{2}}=\frac{a^{3} b^{3}}{(c a+2 c b)^{2}} \end{array}

Therefore, we only need to prove
b3c3(ab+2ac)2+c3a3(bc+2ba)2+a3b3(ca+2cb)213.\frac{b^{3} c^{3}}{(a b+2 a c)^{2}}+\frac{c^{3} a^{3}}{(b c+2 b a)^{2}}+\frac{a^{3} b^{3}}{(c a+2 c b)^{2}} \geqslant \frac{1}{3} .

By the AM-GM inequality,
b3c3(ab+2ac)2+ab+2ac27+ab+2ac273b3c3(ab+2ac)2ab+2ac27ab+2ac273=13bcb3c3(ab+2ac)213bc2ab+4ac27\begin{aligned} & \frac{b^{3} c^{3}}{(a b+2 a c)^{2}}+\frac{a b+2 a c}{27}+\frac{a b+2 a c}{27} \\ \geqslant & 3 \sqrt[3]{\frac{b^{3} c^{3}}{(a b+2 a c)^{2}} \cdot \frac{a b+2 a c}{27} \cdot \frac{a b+2 a c}{27}}=\frac{1}{3} b c \\ \Longrightarrow & \frac{b^{3} c^{3}}{(a b+2 a c)^{2}} \geqslant \frac{1}{3} b c-\frac{2 a b+4 a c}{27} \end{aligned}

Similarly, we get
c3a3(bc+2ac)213ca2bc+4ba27a3b3(ca+2cb)213ab2ca+4cb27\begin{array}{l} \frac{c^{3} a^{3}}{(b c+2 a c)^{2}} \geqslant \frac{1}{3} c a-\frac{2 b c+4 b a}{27} \\ \frac{a^{3} b^{3}}{(c a+2 c b)^{2}} \geqslant \frac{1}{3} a b-\frac{2 c a+4 c b}{27} \end{array}

Therefore,
b3c3(ab+2ac)2+c3a3(bc+2ba)2+a3b3(ca+2cb)213(bc+ca+ab)227(ab+bc+ca)427(ac+ba+cb)=19(ab+bc+ca)193abbcca3=13.\begin{aligned} & \frac{b^{3} c^{3}}{(a b+2 a c)^{2}}+\frac{c^{3} a^{3}}{(b c+2 b a)^{2}}+\frac{a^{3} b^{3}}{(c a+2 c b)^{2}} \\ \geqslant & \frac{1}{3}(b c+c a+a b)-\frac{2}{27}(a b+b c+c a)-\frac{4}{27}(a c+b a+c b) \\ = & \frac{1}{9}(a b+b c+c a) \geqslant \frac{1}{9} \cdot 3 \sqrt[3]{a b \cdot b c \cdot c a}=\frac{1}{3} . \end{aligned}

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.