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Algebra Difficulty 3.4 AMC 10/12 Find the answer

Given the sequence {a_n}\{a\_n\} satisfies a_1=5a\_1=5, a_2=13a\_2=13, an+2=5an+16ana_{n+2}=5a_{n+1}-6a_{n}, find the smallest natural number nn such that the sum of the first nn terms of the sequence, denoted as S_nS\_n, is not less than 20162016.

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

Since an+2=5an+16ana_{n+2}=5a_{n+1}-6a_{n},

We can derive that an+22an+1=3(an+12an)a_{n+2}-2a_{n+1}=3(a_{n+1}-2a_{n}),

And an+23an+1=2(an+13an)a_{n+2}-3a_{n+1}=2(a_{n+1}-3a_{n}),

Given that a22a1=3a_{2}-2a_{1}=3, a23a1=2a_{2}-3a_{1}=-2,

We can conclude that the sequence {an+12an}\{a_{n+1}-2a_{n}\} is a geometric sequence with the first term 33 and common ratio 33,

And the sequence {an+13an}\{a_{n+1}-3a_{n}\} is a geometric sequence with the first term 2-2 and common ratio 22,

So, an+12an=3na_{n+1}-2a_{n}=3^{n}, an+13an=2na_{n+1}-3a_{n}=-2^{n},

Thus, an=3n+2na_{n}=3^{n}+2^{n}, which also holds true for a1=5a_{1}=5;

Hence, Sn=(3+2)+(4+9)++(3n+2n)S_{n}=(3+2)+(4+9)+…+(3^{n}+2^{n})

=3(13n)13+2(12n)12=32(3n1)+2(2n1)2016= \frac {3(1-3^{n})}{1-3}+ \frac {2(1-2^{n})}{1-2}= \frac {3}{2}(3^{n}-1)+2(2^{n}-1)\geqslant 2016,

So, n7n\geqslant 7,

Therefore, the answer is: 7\boxed{7}.

By simplifying an+2=5an+16ana_{n+2}=5a_{n+1}-6a_{n}, we get an+22an+1=3(an+12an)a_{n+2}-2a_{n+1}=3(a_{n+1}-2a_{n}), an+23an+1=2(an+13an)a_{n+2}-3a_{n+1}=2(a_{n+1}-3a_{n}), from which we can deduce that the sequences {an+12an}\{a_{n+1}-2a_{n}\} and {an+13an}\{a_{n+1}-3a_{n}\} are geometric sequences.

This problem tests the understanding and application of sequence properties, overall thinking, and transformational thinking, as well as the application of the construction method.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.