Maths Olympiad Prep

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Number theory Difficulty 5.6 AIME, harder Find the answer

22 Find all positive integer tuples (x,y,z,w)(x, y, z, w), such that x!+y!+z!=w!x!+y!+z!=w!.

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Solution

22.Let xyz, and w!=z!+y!+x!z2 \begin{array}{l} 22. \text{Let } x \leqslant y \leqslant z, \text{ and } w! = z! + y! + x! \\ z \leqslant 2 \end{array}

If z=1z=1, then x=y=z=1x=y=z=1, at this time w!=3w!=3, there is no such ww, so z=2z=2. At this time w3w \geqslant 3, hence
w!0(mod3)w!\equiv 0(\bmod 3)

Therefore,
x!+y!1(mod3)x!+y!\equiv 1(\bmod 3)

And
thus it can only be
xy2x=y=2\begin{array}{l} x \leqslant y \leqslant 2 \\ x=y=2 \end{array}

At this time
hence
(x,y,z,w)=(2,2,2,3)(x, y, z, w)=(2,2,2,3)

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.