Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 7.7 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

Let MM be the midpoint of the side ACAC of acute-angled triangle ABCABC with AB>BCAB>BC. Let Ω\Omega be the circumcircle of ABC ABC. The tangents to Ω \Omega at the points AA and CC meet at PP, and BPBP and ACAC intersect at SS. Let ADAD be the altitude of the triangle ABPABP and ω\omega the circumcircle of the triangle CSDCSD. Suppose ω \omega and Ω \Omega intersect at KCK\not= C. Prove that CKM=90 \angle CKM=90^\circ .

[i]V. Shmarov[/i]

Solution

1. Identify Key Points and Angles:
- Let M M be the midpoint of AC AC in the acute-angled triangle ABC ABC with AB>BC AB > BC .
- Let Ω \Omega be the circumcircle of ABC \triangle ABC .
- The tangents to Ω \Omega at points A A and C C meet at P P .
- BP BP and AC AC intersect at S S .
- Let AD AD be the altitude of ABP \triangle ABP .
- Let ω \omega be the circumcircle of CSD \triangle CSD .
- Suppose ω \omega and Ω \Omega intersect at KC K \neq C .

2. Establish Concyclic Points:
- Since K K lies on ω \omega , we have PDK=180SDK=KCS \angle PDK = 180^\circ - \angle SDK = \angle KCS .
- Since K K lies on Ω \Omega , we have AKC=180ABC \angle AKC = 180^\circ - \angle ABC .
- Since PA PA is tangent to Ω \Omega , we have PAC=ABC \angle PAC = \angle ABC .

3. **Calculate KCS \angle KCS :**
KCS=180AKCKAC \angle KCS = 180^\circ - \angle AKC - \angle KAC
AKC=180ABC \angle AKC = 180^\circ - \angle ABC
PAC=ABC \angle PAC = \angle ABC
KCS=180(180ABC)(PACPAK) \angle KCS = 180^\circ - (180^\circ - \angle ABC) - (\angle PAC - \angle PAK)
KCS=ABCPAC+PAK \angle KCS = \angle ABC - \angle PAC + \angle PAK
KCS=PAK \angle KCS = \angle PAK

4. Conclude Concyclic Points:
- Thus, PDK=PAK \angle PDK = \angle PAK , so P,A,D,K P, A, D, K are concyclic.

5. Determine Perpendicularity:
- Given ADPD AD \perp PD and since PA=PC PA = PC , PMAC PM \perp AC , so M M also lies on the circle (PADK) (PADK) .

6. **Calculate AKM \angle AKM :**
AKM=APM=90PAC=90ABC \angle AKM = \angle APM = 90^\circ - \angle PAC = 90^\circ - \angle ABC

7. **Relate AKC \angle AKC and CKM \angle CKM :**
AKC=180ABC \angle AKC = 180^\circ - \angle ABC
AKC=AKM+CKM \angle AKC = \angle AKM + \angle CKM
180ABC=90ABC+CKM 180^\circ - \angle ABC = 90^\circ - \angle ABC + \angle CKM
180ABC=90ABC+CKM 180^\circ - \angle ABC = 90^\circ - \angle ABC + \angle CKM
CKM=90 \angle CKM = 90^\circ

Thus, we have proven that CKM=90 \angle CKM = 90^\circ .

\blacksquare

The final answer is CKM=90 \boxed{ \angle CKM = 90^\circ }

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.