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Geometry Difficulty 6.4 National olympiad Prove it

B2. Trapez ABCDA B C D is inscribed in a circle K\mathcal{K}. The extensions of sides ADA D and BCB C intersect at point MM, and the tangents to the circle K\mathcal{K} at points BB and DD intersect at point NN. Prove that segments MNM N and ABA B are parallel.

Solution

B2.

!

Let SS be the center of the circle K\mathcal{K} and TT the intersection of the line MSM S with the side ABA B. Since the trapezoid ABCDA B C D is cyclic, it is isosceles with legs ADA D and BCB C. Let α=BAD=CBA\alpha = \angle B A D = \angle C B A. Due to symmetry, we can assume that AB>CD|A B| > |C D|. The triangle BMAB M A is isosceles with the vertex at MM, and the line MSM S is the altitude of this triangle due to symmetry, hence it is perpendicular to the side ABA B. The angle BSD\angle B S D is the central angle over the arc BD^\widehat{B D} of the circle K\mathcal{K}, and the angle BAD=α\angle B A D = \alpha is the inscribed angle over the same arc, so BSD=2α\angle B S D = 2 \alpha. Since triangles SNDS N D and SNBS N B are congruent, it follows that NSD=BSN=α\angle N S D = \angle B S N = \alpha. Therefore, triangles ATMA T M and SDNS D N are similar, as they share two angles (a right angle and the angle α\alpha), so AMT=SND\angle A M T = \angle S N D. By the inscribed angle theorem, it follows that points D,S,ND, S, N, and MM are concyclic, hence SMN=SDN=π2\angle S M N = \angle S D N = \frac{\pi}{2}. This proves that the line MSM S is perpendicular to the segment MNM N and ABA B, so these two segments are parallel.

2. method. Let SS be the center of the circle K\mathcal{K} and TT the intersection of the line MSM S with the side ABA B. Similarly to the first solution, we conclude that the trapezoid ABCDA B C D is isosceles and denote α=BAD=CBA\alpha = \angle B A D = \angle C B A. Due to symmetry, we can again assume that AB>CD|A B| > |C D| or α<π2\alpha < \frac{\pi}{2}. Then DMB=AMB=πMBABAM=π2α\angle D M B = \angle A M B = \pi - \angle M B A - \angle B A M = \pi - 2 \alpha. The angle BSD\angle B S D is the central angle over the arc BD^\widehat{B D} of the circle K\mathcal{K}, and the angle BAD=α\angle B A D = \alpha is the inscribed angle over the same arc, so BSD=2α\angle B S D = 2 \alpha. The quadrilateral SBNDS B N D is cyclic by Thales' theorem, so DNB=πBSD=π2α\angle D N B = \pi - \angle B S D = \pi - 2 \alpha. This shows that DNB=DMB\angle D N B = \angle D M B, so the quadrilateral DBNMD B N M is also cyclic. From this it follows that

AMN=DMN=πNBD=π(π2DBS)=π2+DBS=π2+DMS \angle A M N = \angle D M N = \pi - \angle N B D = \pi - \left(\frac{\pi}{2} - \angle D B S\right) = \frac{\pi}{2} + \angle D B S = \frac{\pi}{2} + \angle D M S

Due to symmetry, the line MSM S or MTM T is the altitude of the isosceles triangle BMAB M A, so MTA=π2\angle M T A = \frac{\pi}{2} and DMS=DMT=π2TAM=π2α\angle D M S = \angle D M T = \frac{\pi}{2} - \angle T A M = \frac{\pi}{2} - \alpha. From the above equality, it follows that

AMN=π2+DMS=π2+(π2α)=πα=ADC \angle A M N = \frac{\pi}{2} + \angle D M S = \frac{\pi}{2} + \left(\frac{\pi}{2} - \alpha\right) = \pi - \alpha = \angle A D C

Therefore, the segments MNM N and ABA B are parallel.

1. ... method:
Observation that the trapezoid ABCDA B C D or the triangle ABMA B M is isosceles ... 1 point.
Observation that MSM S is the altitude of the triangle ABMA B M ... 1 point.
Proof that BSD=2BAD\angle B S D = 2 \angle B A D ... 1 point.
Proof that the angles DSB\angle D S B and NSB\angle N S B are equal or that the triangles ATMA T M and SDMS D M are similar ... 2 points.
Application of cyclic properties and conclusion ... 2 points.
Proof that DMB=π/22α\angle D M B = \pi / 2 - 2 \alpha ... 1 point.
Proof that BSD=2BAD\angle B S D = 2 \angle B A D ... 1 point.
Proof that BND=πBSD=π2α\angle B N D = \pi - \angle B S D = \pi - 2 \alpha or BND=DMB\angle B N D = \angle D M B ... 1 point.
Observation that MSM S or MTM T is the altitude of the triangle AMBA M B ... 1 point.
Proof that DMS=DMT=π/2α\angle D M S = \angle D M T = \pi / 2 - \alpha ... 1 point.
Proof that AMN=ADC\angle A M N = \angle A D C ... 1 point.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.