Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 6.9 National olympiad Prove it

Let ABC\triangle A B C be a right triangle with A=90\angle A=90^{\circ} and circumcircle Γ\Gamma. The incircle touches BCB C at a point DD. Let EE be the midpoint of the arc ABA B of Γ\Gamma that does not contain CC and let FF be the midpoint of the arc ACA C of Γ\Gamma that does not contain BB.
a) Prove that ABCDEF\triangle A B C \sim \triangle D E F.
b) Prove that EFE F passes through the points where the incircle touches ABA B and ACA C.

Solution

a) The midpoint EE of arc ABAB where CC does not lie, lies on the bisector CICI. Similarly, FF lies on BIBI. It holds that IFC=BFC=BAC=90\angle IFC = \angle BFC = \angle BAC = 90^{\circ} because ABCFABCF is a cyclic quadrilateral and IDC=90\angle IDC = 90^{\circ} because DD is the tangency point of the inscribed circle with BCBC. Therefore, IFC+IDC=180\angle IFC + \angle IDC = 180^{\circ}, which implies that FIDCFIDC is a cyclic quadrilateral. Now, DFI=DCI=12ACB\angle DFI = \angle DCI = \frac{1}{2} \angle ACB, while also IFE=BFE=BCE=12ACB\angle IFE = \angle BFE = \angle BCE = \frac{1}{2} \angle ACB. Thus, DFE=12ACB+12ACB=ACB\angle DFE = \frac{1}{2} \angle ACB + \frac{1}{2} \angle ACB = \angle ACB. Similarly, DEF=ABC\angle DEF = \angle ABC. Together, this gives DEFABC\triangle DEF \sim \triangle ABC.
b) Let SS be the intersection of EFEF with ABAB. In the previous part, we have seen that BFBF is the bisector of DFE=DFS\angle DFE = \angle DFS. Also, BFBF is the bisector of ABC=SBD\angle ABC = \angle SBD. Therefore, BDFBSF\triangle BDF \cong \triangle BSF by (SAS). This means that BD=BS|BD| = |BS|. On the other hand, the distances from BB to the tangency points of the inscribed circle with BCBC and BABA are equal, and one of these tangency points is DD, so the other tangency point must be SS. Thus, EFEF passes through the tangency point of the inscribed circle with ABAB. Similarly, it also passes through the tangency point of the inscribed circle with ACAC.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.