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Algebra Difficulty 4.5 AIME Prove it

Given that aa, bb, and cc are distinct positive real numbers, and abc=1abc=1, prove that a+b+c<1a+1b+1c.\sqrt{a} + \sqrt{b} + \sqrt{c} < \frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{c}.

Solution

To prove the given inequality, we can manipulate the right-hand side and utilize the Arithmetic Mean-Geometric Mean (AM-GM) inequality which states that for any nonnegative real numbers xx and yy, we have the inequality x+y2xy\frac{x + y}{2} \geq \sqrt{xy}, with equality if and only if x=yx = y.

Since abc=1abc = 1, we can express aa, bb, and cc as a=1bca = \frac{1}{bc}, b=1acb = \frac{1}{ac}, and c=1abc = \frac{1}{ab} respectively. Let's now compare a\sqrt{a}, b\sqrt{b}, and c\sqrt{c} with their counterparts on the right side:

a+b+c=1bc+1ac+1ab=1bc+1ac+1ab1bc,12(1a+1c)>1ac,12(1a+1b)>1ab.\begin{align*} \sqrt{a} + \sqrt{b} + \sqrt{c} & = \sqrt{\frac{1}{bc}} + \sqrt{\frac{1}{ac}} + \sqrt{\frac{1}{ab}} \\ & = \frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{ac}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}} \\ & \frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}, \\ \frac{1}{2} \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{c}\right) & > \frac{1}{\sqrt{ac}}, \\ \frac{1}{2} \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b}\right) & > \frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}. \end{align*}

Each term on the right-hand side of these inequalities corresponds to the terms on the left-hand side of our original inequality, and since aa, bb, and cc are distinct, the AM-GM inequality strictly holds (there is no equality case). Therefore, we have shown that:

a+b+c<1a+1b+1c.\boxed{\sqrt{a} + \sqrt{b} + \sqrt{c} < \frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{c}}.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.