Maths Olympiad Prep

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Number theory Difficulty 6.0 AIME, harder Prove it

25. (Euclidean Algorithm in Z[1]\boldsymbol{Z}[\sqrt{-1}]) Under the notation of the 24th problem, prove: if α1α0\alpha_{1} \nmid \alpha_{0}, then there must exist a positive integer kk, such that the following division equations are obtained:
α0=η1α1+α2,0<N(α2)<N(α1),η1,α2Z[1],α1=η2α2+α3,0<N(α3)<N(α2),η2,α3Z[1],.................. βk1=ηkαk+αk+1,0<N(αk+1)<N(αk),ηk,αk+1Z[1],βk=ηk+1αkηk+1Z[1].\begin{array}{l} \alpha_{0}=\eta_{1} \alpha_{1}+\alpha_{2}, \quad 0<N\left(\alpha_{2}\right)<N\left(\alpha_{1}\right), \eta_{1}, \alpha_{2} \in \boldsymbol{Z}[\sqrt{-1}], \\ \alpha_{1}=\eta_{2} \alpha_{2}+\alpha_{3}, \quad 0<N\left(\alpha_{3}\right)<N\left(\alpha_{2}\right), \eta_{2}, \alpha_{3} \in \boldsymbol{Z}[\sqrt{-1}], \\ \text{.................. } \\ \beta_{k-1}=\eta_{k} \alpha_{k}+\alpha_{k+1}, \quad 0<N\left(\alpha_{k+1}\right)<N\left(\alpha_{k}\right), \eta_{k}, \alpha_{k+1} \in \boldsymbol{Z}[\sqrt{-1}], \\ \beta_{k}=\eta_{k+1} \alpha_{k} \quad \eta_{k+1} \in \boldsymbol{Z}[\sqrt{-1}] . \end{array}

Solution

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.