Maths Olympiad Prep

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Algebra Difficulty 5.1 AIME, harder Find the answer

Find the number of ordered pairs of positive integers (x,y)(x, y) with x,y2020x, y \leq 2020 such that 3x2+10xy+3y23 x^{2}+10 x y+3 y^{2} is the power of some prime.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

We can factor as (3x+y)(x+3y)(3 x+y)(x+3 y). If xyx \geq y, we need 3x+yx+3y{1,2}\frac{3 x+y}{x+3 y} \in\{1,2\} to be an integer. So we get the case where x=yx=y, in which we need both to be a power of 2, or the case x=5yx=5 y, in which case we need yy to be a power of 2. This gives us 11+9+9=2911+9+9=29 solutions, where we account for y=5xy=5 x as well.

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Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.