Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /15 of 48

Algebra Difficulty 7.1 National olympiad, round 2 Find the answer

Find a sequence of maximal length consisting of non-zero integers in which the sum of any seven consecutive terms is positive and that of any eleven consecutive terms is negative.

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

Suppose it is possible to have more than 16 terms in the sequence. Let a1,a2,,a17a_{1}, a_{2}, \ldots, a_{17} be the first 17 terms of the sequence. Consider the following array of terms in the sequence: a1a2a3a4a5a6a7a8a9a10a11 a2a3a4a5a6a7a8a9a10a11a12 a3a4a5a6a7a8a9a10a11a12a13 a4a5a6a7a8a9a10a11a12a13a14 a5a6a7a8a9a10a11a12a13a14a15 a6a7a8a9a10a11a12a13a14a15a16 a7a8a9a10a11a12a13a14a15a16a17\begin{array}{lllllllllll} a_{1} & a_{2} & a_{3} & a_{4} & a_{5} & a_{6} & a_{7} & a_{8} & a_{9} & a_{10} & a_{11} \ a_{2} & a_{3} & a_{4} & a_{5} & a_{6} & a_{7} & a_{8} & a_{9} & a_{10} & a_{11} & a_{12} \ a_{3} & a_{4} & a_{5} & a_{6} & a_{7} & a_{8} & a_{9} & a_{10} & a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13} \ a_{4} & a_{5} & a_{6} & a_{7} & a_{8} & a_{9} & a_{10} & a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13} & a_{14} \ a_{5} & a_{6} & a_{7} & a_{8} & a_{9} & a_{10} & a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13} & a_{14} & a_{15} \ a_{6} & a_{7} & a_{8} & a_{9} & a_{10} & a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13} & a_{14} & a_{15} & a_{16} \ a_{7} & a_{8} & a_{9} & a_{10} & a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13} & a_{14} & a_{15} & a_{16} & a_{17} \end{array} Let SS the sum of the numbers in the array. If we sum by rows we obtain negative sums in each row, so S<0S<0; however, it we sum by columns we obtain positive sums in each column, so S>0S>0, a contradiction. This implies that the sequence cannot have more than 16 terms. One idea to find a suitable sequence with 16 terms is considering cycles of 7 numbers. For instance, one can try a,a,b,a,a,a,b,a,a,b,a,a,a,b,a,a-a,-a, b,-a,-a,-a, b,-a,-a, b,-a,-a,-a, b,-a,-a. The sum of every seven consecutive numbers is 5a+2b-5 a+2 b and the sum of every eleven consecutive numbers is 8a+3b-8 a+3 b, so 5a+2b>0-5 a+2 b>0 and 8a+3b<0-8 a+3 b<0, that is, 5a2<b<8a315a<6b<16a\frac{5 a}{2}<b<\frac{8 a}{3} \Longleftrightarrow 15 a<6 b<16 a. Then we can choose, say, a=7a=7 and 105<6b<112b=18105<6 b<112 \Longleftrightarrow b=18. A valid sequence is then 7,7,18,7,7,7,18,7,7,18,7,7,7,18,7,7-7,-7,18,-7,-7,-7,18,-7,-7,18,-7,-7,-7,18,-7,-7.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.