Maths Olympiad Prep

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HMMT February

Geometry Difficulty 5.0 AIME, harder Find the answer

What is the radius of the smallest sphere in which 4 spheres of radius 1 will fit?

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

The centers of the smaller spheres lie on a tetrahedron. Let the points of the tetrahedron be (1,1,1),(−1,−1,1),(−1,1,−1)(1,1,1),(-1,-1,1),(-1,1,-1), and (1,−1,−1)(1,-1,-1). These points have distance (3)\sqrt{(} 3) from the center, and (2)\sqrt{(} 2) from each other, so the radius of the smallest sphere in which 4 spheres of radius (2)\sqrt{(2)} will fit is (2)+(3)\sqrt{(2)}+\sqrt{(3)}. Scale this to the correct answer by dividing by (2):2+62\sqrt{(} 2): \frac{2+\sqrt{6}}{2}.

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