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Algebra Difficulty 6.0 National olympiad Find the answer

Determine all the roots , real or complex , of the system of simultaneous equations
x+y+z=3x+y+z=3 , , x3+y3+z3=3x^3+y^3+z^3=3 .

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

Let xx , yy , and zz be the roots of the cubic polynomial t3+at2+bt+ct^3+at^2+bt+c . Let S1=x+y+z=3S_1=x+y+z=3 , S2=x2+y2+z2=3S_2=x^2+y^2+z^2=3 , and S3=x3+y3+z3=3S_3=x^3+y^3+z^3=3 . From this, S1+a=0S_1+a=0 , S2+aS1+2b=0S_2+aS_1+2b=0 , and S3+aS2+bS1+3c=0S_3+aS_2+bS_1+3c=0 . Solving each of these, a=3a=-3 , b=3b=3 , and c=1c=-1 . Thus xx , yy , and zz are the roots of the polynomial t33t2+3t1=(t1)3t^3-3t^2+3t-1=(t-1)^3 . Thus x=y=z=1x=y=z=1 , and there are no other solutions.

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