Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /507 of 860

Combinatorics Difficulty 5.2 AIME, harder Find the answer

Let rr be a positive integer. Show that if a graph GG has no cycles of length at most 2r2 r, then it has at most V2016|V|^{2016} cycles of length exactly 2016r2016 r, where V|V| denotes the number of vertices in the graph G.

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

The key idea is that there is at most 1 path of length rr between any pair of vertices, or else you get a cycle of length 2r\leq 2 r. Now, start at any vertex ( V|V| choices) and walk 2015 times. There's at most V2016|V|^{2016} ways to do this by the previous argument. Now you have to go from the end to the start, and there's only one way to do this. So we're done.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.