Maths Olympiad Prep

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Combinatorics Difficulty 5.2 AIME, harder Find the answer

Boris was given a Connect Four game set for his birthday, but his color-blindness makes it hard to play the game. Still, he enjoys the shapes he can make by dropping checkers into the set. If the number of shapes possible modulo (horizontal) flips about the vertical axis of symmetry is expressed as 9(1+2++n)9(1+2+\cdots+n), find nn.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

There are 979^{7} total shapes possible, since each of the 7 columns can contain anywhere from 0 to 8 checkers. The number of shapes symmetric with respect to a horizontal flip is the number of shapes of the leftmost four columns, since the configuration of these four columns uniquely determines the configuration of the remaining columns if it is known the shape is symmetric: 949^{4}. Now we know there are 97949^{7}-9^{4} non-symmetric shapes, so there are 97942\frac{9^{7}-9^{4}}{2} non-symmetric shapes modulo flips. Thus the total number of shapes modulo flips is n=36=729n=3^{6}=729.

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Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.