Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 6.6 National olympiad Find the answer

Ali wants to move from point AA to point BB. He cannot walk inside the black areas but he is free to move in any direction inside the white areas (not only the grid lines but the whole plane). Help Ali to find the shortest path between AA and BB. Only draw the path and write its length.
[img]https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nZrxJLfIAp8/W1RyCdnhl3I/AAAAAAAAIzQ/NM3t5EtJWMcWQS0ig0IghSo54DQUBH5hwCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/igo%2B2016.el1.png[/img]
by Morteza Saghafian

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

The task is to find the shortest path for Ali to move from point A A to point B B , only navigating through the white areas in the given plane. Based on the diagram provided, we will employ geometric considerations to determine the path and length.

### Geometric Analysis

1. Understand the Problem Setup:
- Assume A A and B B are coordinates representing navigable white areas.
- Black areas represent obstacles where Ali cannot travel.
- Ali can move freely in any direction, not restricted to grid lines.

2. Shortest Path Strategy:
- The shortest distance between two points in a plane is a straight line. However, Ali's path cannot be a straight line if it crosses black areas.
- Therefore, the path will include segments that navigate around these black regions.

3. Path Construction:
- Visual inspection of the diagram illustrates a possible path trajectory:
- Move Diagonally: Avoid black areas by moving from A A diagonally to the corner of a black area.
- Skirt Obstacle: Follow straight paths along or parallel to obstacle edges.
- **Reach B B :** Continue via shortest diagonals, as permissible by white space, until reaching point B B .

4. Path Length Calculation:
- Given geometric properties (e.g., symmetry of obstacles, regular distances), calculate:
- Straight Segments: Direct linear measures.
- Diagonal Segments: Use Pythagorean Theorem or known properties of 45-degree paths for efficiency.
- Based on diagram scaling (e.g., unit squares on a grid assumption):
Straight segments sum: 7 units. \text{Straight segments sum: } 7 \text{ units.}
Diagonal segments (using 2 for path diagonal across a square): 52 units. \text{Diagonal segments (using } \sqrt{2} \text{ for path diagonal across a square): } 5\sqrt{2} \text{ units.}

5. Total Path Length:
- Sum both linear and diagonal distances.
- The total distance of the shortest path is:
7+52. 7 + 5\sqrt{2}.

Thus, the minimum length of the shortest path Ali can take is:
7+52. \boxed{7 + 5\sqrt{2}}.

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Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.