Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /339 of 860

Algebra Difficulty 5.1 AIME, harder Find the answer

The rational numbers xx and yy, when written in lowest terms, have denominators 60 and 70 , respectively. What is the smallest possible denominator of x+yx+y ?

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

Write x+y=a/60+b/70=(7a+6b)/420x+y=a / 60+b / 70=(7 a+6 b) / 420. Since aa is relatively prime to 60 and bb is relatively prime to 70 , it follows that none of the primes 2,3,72,3,7 can divide 7a+6b7 a+6 b, so we won't be able to cancel any of these factors in the denominator. Thus, after reducing to lowest terms, the denominator will still be at least 2237=842^{2} \cdot 3 \cdot 7=84 (the product of the powers of 2,3 , and 7 dividing 420 ). On the other hand, 84 is achievable, by taking (e.g.) 1/60+3/70=25/420=5/841 / 60+3 / 70=25 / 420=5 / 84. So 84 is the answer.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.