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CEMC Fermat

Algebra Difficulty 3.2 AMC 10/12 Find the answer

Suppose that a,ba, b and cc are integers with (x−a)(x−6)+3=(x+b)(x+c)(x-a)(x-6)+3=(x+b)(x+c) for all real numbers xx. What is the sum of all possible values of bb?

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

We are told that (x−a)(x−6)+3=(x+b)(x+c)(x-a)(x-6)+3=(x+b)(x+c) for all real numbers xx. In particular, this equation holds when x=6x=6. Substituting x=6x=6 gives (6−a)(6−6)+3=(6+b)(6+c)(6-a)(6-6)+3=(6+b)(6+c) or 3=(6+b)(6+c)3=(6+b)(6+c). Since bb and cc are integers, then 6+b6+b and 6+c6+c are integers, which means that 6+b6+b is a divisor of 3. Therefore, the possible values of 6+b6+b are 3,1,−1,−33,1,-1,-3. These yield values for bb of −3,−5,−7,−9-3,-5,-7,-9. We need to confirm that each of these values for bb gives integer values for aa and cc. If b=−3b=-3, then 6+b=36+b=3. The equation 3=(6+b)(6+c)3=(6+b)(6+c) tells us that 6+c=16+c=1 and so c=−5c=-5. When b=−3b=-3 and c=−5c=-5, the original equation becomes (x−a)(x−6)+3=(x−3)(x−5)(x-a)(x-6)+3=(x-3)(x-5). Expanding the right side gives (x−a)(x−6)+3=x2−8x+15(x-a)(x-6)+3=x^{2}-8x+15 and so (x−a)(x−6)=x2−8x+12(x-a)(x-6)=x^{2}-8x+12. The quadratic x2−8x+12x^{2}-8x+12 factors as (x−2)(x−6)(x-2)(x-6) and so a=2a=2 and this equation is an identity that is true for all real numbers xx. Similarly, if b=−5b=-5, then c=−3c=-3 and a=2a=2. (This is because bb and cc are interchangeable in the original equation.) Also, if b=−7b=-7, then c=−9c=-9 and we can check that a=10a=10. Similarly, if b=−9b=-9, then c=−7c=-7 and a=10a=10. Therefore, the possible values of bb are b=−3,−5,−7,−9b=-3,-5,-7,-9. The sum of these values is (−3)+(−5)+(−7)+(−9)=−24(-3)+(-5)+(-7)+(-9)=-24.

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