We note that for all integers n≥2 , Tn−1=1+(1+21)+(1+21+31)+…+(1+21+31+…+n−11)=i=1∑n−1(in−i)=n(i=1∑n−1i1)−(n−1)=n(i=1∑ni1)−n=n⋅Sn−n.
It then follows that Un−1=i=2∑niTi−1=i=2∑n (Si−1)=Tn−1+Sn−(n−1)−S1=(nSn−n)+Sn−n=(n+1)Sn−2n.
If we let n=1989 , we see that (a,b,c,d)=(1989,1989,1990,2⋅1989) is a suitable solution. ■
Notice that it is also possible to use induction to prove the equations relating Tn and Un with Sn .
Alternate solutions are always welcome. If you have a different, elegant solution to this problem, please add it to this page.