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Geometry Difficulty 2.2 Junior Find the answer

A water tower in the shape of a cylinder has radius 10 m and height 30 m. A spiral staircase, with constant slope, circles once around the outside of the water tower. A vertical ladder of height 5 m then extends to the top of the tower. What is the total distance along the staircase and up the ladder to the top of the tower?

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

To calculate the total distance, we add the length of the vertical ladder (5 m) to the length of the spiral staircase. The spiral staircase wraps once around the tower. Since the tower has radius 10 m, then its circumference is 2×π×10=20πm2 \times \pi \times 10=20 \pi \mathrm{m}. We can thus 'unwrap' the outside of the tower to form a rectangle of width 20πm20 \pi \mathrm{m} and height 30 m. Since the staircase has a constant slope, then the staircase becomes a straight line on the unwrapped tower. Since the ladder accounts for the final 5 m of the height of the tower and the tower has total height 30 m, then the top of the spiral staircase is 305=25 m30-5=25 \mathrm{~m} above its base. We can thus calculate the length of the staircase (which is positive), using the Pythagorean Theorem, to be (20πm)2+(25 m)267.62 m\sqrt{(20 \pi \mathrm{m})^{2}+(25 \mathrm{~m})^{2}} \approx 67.62 \mathrm{~m}. The total distance along the staircase and up the ladder is approximately 5+67.6272.62 m5+67.62 \approx 72.62 \mathrm{~m}. Of the given choices, this is closest to 72.6 m.

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