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Problem 381

Algebra Difficulty 2.5 Multiple choice CEMC Fermat · Canada · 2016

Suppose that aa and bb are integers with 4<a<b<224<a<b<22. If the average (mean) of the numbers 4,a,b,224,a,b,22 is 13, then the number of possible pairs (a,b)(a,b) is

Pick one

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Official solution

Since the average of the four numbers 4,a,b,224, a, b, 22 is 13, then 4+a+b+224=13\dfrac{4+a+b+22}{4}=13 and so 4+a+b+22=524+a+b+22=52 or a+b=26a+b=26.

Since a>4a > 4 and aa is an integer, then a5a \geq 5.

Since a+b=26a+b=26 and a<ba<b, then aa is less than half of 26, or a<13a<13.

Since aa is an integer, then a12a \leq 12.

Therefore, we have 5a125 \leq a \leq 12.

There are 8 choices for aa in this range: 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. (Note that 125+1=812-5 + 1 = 8.)

These give the pairs (a,b)=(5,21),(6,20),(7,19),(8,18),(9,17),(10,16),(11,15),(12,14)(a,b)=(5,21),(6,20),(7,19),(8,18),(9,17),(10,16),(11,15),(12,14).

Thus, there are 8 possible pairs.

Source: CEMC, University of Waterloo, licensed CC-BY-NC-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty, ordering) added by this project.