Maths Olympiad Prep

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Problem 832

AMC 12 late, AIME early
Number theory Difficulty 4.5 Prove it HMMO · United States · 2020

How many six-digit multiples of 2727 have only 33, 66, or 99 as their digits?

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, then read the official solution and mark yourself. Be honest about it: the record is only any use to you if it is.

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Official solution

Solution:
Divide by 33. We now want to count the number of six-digit multiples of 99 that only have 11, 22, or 33 as their digits. Due to the divisibility rule for 99, we only need to consider when the digit sum is a multiple of 99. Note that 36=183 \cdot 6 = 18 is the maximum digit sum.

If the sum is 1818, the only case is 333333333333.

Otherwise, the digit sum is 99. The possibilities here, up to ordering of the digits, are 111222111222 and 111123111123. The first has (63)=20\binom{6}{3} = 20 cases, while the second has 65=306 \cdot 5 = 30. Thus the final answer is 1+20+30=511 + 20 + 30 = 51.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty, ordering) added by this project.