Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 3 / 232 of 260 #232 of 1964

Problem 232

AMC 10/12, early questions
Number theory Difficulty 3.9 Multiple choice

The fraction
1992=0.bn1bn2b2b1b0,\dfrac1{99^2}=0.\overline{b_{n-1}b_{n-2}\ldots b_2b_1b_0},
where nn is the length of the period of the repeating decimal expansion. What is the sum b0+b1++bn1b_0+b_1+\cdots+b_{n-1}?

Pick one

Official solution

the fraction 199\dfrac{1}{99} can be written as n=11102n\sum^{\infty}_{n=1}\dfrac{1}{10^{2n}}.
similarly the fraction 1992\dfrac{1}{99^2} can be written as m=11102mn=11102n\sum^{\infty}_{m=1}\dfrac{1}{10^{2m}}\sum^{\infty}_{n=1}\dfrac{1}{10^{2n}} which is equivalent to m=1n=11102(m+n)\sum^{\infty}_{m=1}\sum^{\infty}_{n=1} \dfrac{1}{10^{2(m+n)}}
and we can see that for each n+m=kn+m=k there are k1k-1 (n,m)(n,m) combinations so the above sum is equivalent to:
k=2k1102k\sum^{\infty}_{k=2}\dfrac{k-1}{10^{2k}}
we note that the sequence starts repeating at k=102k = 102
yet consider k=99101k1102k=9810198+9910200+10010202=110198(98+99100+10010000)=110198(98+99100+1100)=110198(98+100100)=110198(99)\sum^{101}_{k=99}\dfrac{k-1}{10^{2k}}=\dfrac{98}{{10^{198}}}+\dfrac{99}{{10^{200}}}+\dfrac{100}{10^{{202}}}=\dfrac{1}{10^{198}}(98+\dfrac{99}{100}+\dfrac{100}{10000})=\dfrac{1}{10^{198}}(98+\dfrac{99}{100}+\dfrac{1}{100})=\dfrac{1}{10^{198}}(98+\dfrac{100}{100})=\dfrac{1}{10^{198}}(99)
so the decimal will go from 1 to 99 skipping the number 98
and we can easily compute the sum of the digits from 0 to 99 to be 45102=90045\cdot10\cdot2=900 subtracting the sum of the digits of 98 which is 17 we get
90017=883(B) 900-17=883\textbf{(B) }\qquad

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.